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\title{ISP-Connectivity-mini-HOWTO }
\author{Michael Strates, {\ttfamily mstrates@croftj.net}}
\date{v2.0, 6 November 1997}
\abstract{Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÃèÊöÈçºÎÉè¶¨PPPÁ¬Ïß,Á¬½ÓÄãµÄ ISP ,Éè¶¨mail¼°news,È¡µÃ¹Ì¶¨µÄIP
Î»ÖÃ(Èç¹ûÓÐµÄ»°),²¢È¡µÃÍøÓòÃû³Æ(domain name),²¢ÔÚ30·ÖÖÓÖ®ÄÚÓÐ¸öÊÊµ±µÄÏµÍ³¿ÉÓÃ.}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents


    


\section{½éÉÜ}

Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄÖ÷ÒªÄ¿µØºÜÃ÷ÏÔµÄ,¾ÍÊÇÒªÊ¹Ã¿Ò»¸ö Linux ÐÂÊÖÄÜ¹»ÊìÏ¤¸÷ÖÖÁ¬½ÓÄãµÄ
Linux µçÄÔµ½ÍøÂ·ÉÏµÄÉè¶¨,°üº¬ÈçºÎ»ñµÃÍøÂ·Î»ÖÃ(IP address),ÍøÓòÃû³Æ
( domain names ),²¢×öºÃ¸÷ÖÖÉè¶¨.Õâ·ÝÖ¸µ¼ÎÄ¼þÊÇÕë¶ÔÒ»¸ö linux
ÖÐ¼¶Ê¹ÓÃÕßËùÐ´µÄ,ËäÈ»´ÏÃ÷µÄÐÂÊÖ²»Ó¦¸ÃÓÐÈÎºÎ´íÎó²Å¶Ô.






\subsection{Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄ×îÐÂ°æ±¾}

Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄ×îÐÂ°æ±¾½«»á¶¨ÆÚµÄÕÂÌùÔÚ{\itshape comp.os.linux.answers\/}
Õâ¸öÌÖÂÛÇø.ËüÒ²»á±»±£´æÔÚÐí¶àÊÕ²ØÕâÀàÎÄ¼þ×ÊÁÏµÄÄäÃûftpÕ¾ÖÐ(anonymous ftp),°üÀ¨

{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO}}

´ËÍâ,ÄãÓ¦µ±ÄÜÔÚLinux¼Æ»®µÄÍøÒ³ÖÐÕÒµ½Ëü

{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/}}

    


\subsection{Òâ¼û}

¹Øì¶Õâ·ÝHOWTOÎÄ¼þµÄÈÎºÎÒâ¼û¶¼ÊÇÎÒËùÀÖì¶ÖªµÀµÄ,Æ´×Ö´íÎó,ÒÔ¼°¸ÄÉÆµÄ°ì·¨,
·Ç³£¸ÐÐ»ÄãÃÇµÄÒâ¼ûºÍÅúÆÀ.Ï£ÍûÎÒµÄÕâ·ÝHOWTOÄÜ°ïÖúÒ»Ð©ÈË,Èç¹ûÎÒ×÷µ½ÁË,
ÎÒ½«·Ç³£ÀÖì¶ÊÕµ½ÄãÃÇÀ´ÐÅ¸æËßÎÒ

{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{mstrates@croftj.net}}

{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://linloft.home.ml.org/}}

 




\subsection{²»È·¶¨ÄÚÈÝµÄÐû¸æ}

¹Øì¶Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÄÚÈÝ²¢Ã»ÓÐ±»½ÓÊÜµÄÒåÎñ.Äã¿ÉÒÔ¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñÒªÃ°ÏÕÀ´Ê¹ÓÃÎÄ¼þÖÐËùÌáµ½µÄ¹ÛÄî
,Àý×Ó»òÊÇÆäËüÄÚÈÝ.ËäÈ»ÕâÊÇ×îÐÂ°æ±¾µÄÎÄ¼þ,µ«ËüÈÔ¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚÓÐ´íÎó.
¶øËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»á¶ÔÄãµÄµçÄÔÔì³ÉÉËº¦.ËäÈ»ËüÃÇ·¢ÉúµÄ»úÂÊÏàµ±µÍ,
µ«ÎÒÈÔÎÞ·¨¶ÔÄãµÄµçÄÔÉËº¦¸ºÈÎºÎÔðÈÎ.

µ±È»,¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÓÐÒ»Ð©¸üºÃ»ò¸ü¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨À´Íê³ÉÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÖÐËùËµµÄÊÂ.ÔÚ Linux
µÄÊÀ½çÖÐ,·½·¨ÊÇÊý²»ÍêµÄ.ÕâÐ©ÊÇÎÒ×öÕâÐ©ÊÂµÄ·½·¨,
¶øÎÒÒ²½«°ÑÕâÐ©ÎÒµÄ×ö·¨ÔÚÕâ·Ý HOWTOÖÐ³ÊÏ×¸øÄã.



  


\subsection{°æÈ¨ÏûÏ¢}

Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄ°æÈ¨ÊÇÊôì¶ (c)1997 Michael Strates ²¢ì¶ÏÂÁÐÌõ¼þÏÂ·¢±í:

 
\begin{itemize}
\item  LinuxµÄHOWTOÎÄ¼þ¿ÉÄÜÈ«²¿»òÖ»ÓÐ²¿·Ý±»·¢±í»òÌá¹©½åÓÉÊµÖÊ»òµç×ÓµÄ·½Ê½,
Ö»ÒªÕâ·Ý°æÈ¨Ðû¸æÓÐ±»°üº¬ÔÚÄÚ¼´¿É.ÉÌÒµÐÔÖÊµÄÔÙ´Î·¢±íÊÇÔÊÐíÇÒ±»¹ÄÀøµÄ,
µ«ÊÇÎÄ¼þ×÷ÕßÏ£ÍûÄÜ±»¸æÖªËùÓÐµÄÎÄ¼þ·¢±í.
\item ËùÓÐµÄ·­Òë,ÑÓÉìµÄÎÄ¼þ,»òÊÇ¾Û¼¯ÆäËü Linux HOWTO
µÄÎÄÕÂ¶¼±ØÐë°üº¬Õâ·Ý°æÈ¨Ðû¸æ.Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ,Äã²»ÄÜ·¢±íÒ»ÆªÓÉ³äÂúÏÞÖÆÌõ¼þµ«È·ÊÇÓÉÕâ·Ý
HOWTO Ëùµ¼³öµÄÎÄÕÂ.Ö»ÓÐÔÚÄ³Ð©ÌØÊâÇé¿öÏÂÕâ²ÅÊÇ±»ÔÊÐíµÄ,ÇëºÍÏÂÁÐÎ»ÖÃµÄLinux HOWTO
Ð­µ÷ÕßÁªÂç
\item Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÈÎºÎÎÊÌâ,ÇëºÍ Tim Bynum ÁªÂç,ËûÊÇ Linux HOWTO µÄÁªÂçÕß
\end{itemize}


{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu}}
Ê¹ÓÃ finger Ö¸Áî¿É»ñµÃËûµÄµç»°ºÍµç×ÓÓÊ¼þµØÖ·(snail mail address)

 


\section{Á¬½ÓÍâÃæµÄÊÀ½ç}

ÔÚÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÖÐ,ÎÒÃÇ½«½âÊÍÈçºÎÊ¹ÓÃÍøÂ·ÉÏ×î³£ÓÃµÄ PPP (µã¶ÔµãÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨)À´Á¬ÉÏÍø
Â·.ËüÈÃÄãµÄÊý¾Ý»úÄÜºÍÍâ½ç"Í¨»°".Õâ¾ÍÏñÊÇÎ¢ÈíÊÓ´°3.xÖÐµÄ Winsock Ð¡À®°È(Trumpet
Winsock)ÒÔ¼°Ðí¶àÆäËüÄã¿ÉÄÜ´ÓÃ»¼û¹ýµÄ³ÌÊ½.

ÔÚ Linux ÖÐ,ÎÒÃÇÊ¹ÓÃÒ»¸ö½Ð chat µÄ¶«Î÷À´°ïÎÒÃÇ×ö²¦ºÅÖÁ ISP µÄ¶¯×÷,
½ÓÖøÔÙÓÃÒ»¸ö½Ð pppd µÄ¹¤¾ßÀ´"ÀûÓÃ"Õâ¸ö²¦ºÅÖÁ ISP µÄÁ¬Ïß.Äã¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ chat
Ïë³ÉÊÇÄãµÄ²¦ºÅ¹¤¾ß,¶ø pppd ÊÇÄãµÄÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨.ÎÒÃÇ½«ÔÚÏÂÃæËµÃ÷ÈçºÎÉè¶¨ÕâÁ½ÖÖ¹¤¾ß.


\subsection{ÀûÓÃ pppd ºÍ chat À´Á¬½Ó}

»òÐí×öÕâÐ©ÊÂÇé×îºÃµÄ·½·¨¾ÍÊÇÐ´Ò»¸ö shell script ÔÚ rootµÄ¼ÒÄ¿Â¼ÏÂ,
È¡ÃûÎª{\ttfamily ppp-connect}²¢ÇÒÔÚÃ¿´ÎÄãÒªÁ¬ÏßÊ±Æíµ»Ò»ÏÂ.ÎÒÃÇ½«»áÌÖÂÛÕâ¸ö·½·¨.

ÓÃrootÀ´login,²¢ÇÒÓÃÄã×îÏ°¹ßµÄ±à¼­Æ÷À´±à¼­ ~/ppp-connectÕâ¸öµµ.
ÄãµÈÒ»ÏÂ½«±ØÐëÄãµÄ²ÎÊýÊÇÐ©Ê²÷á.

{\itshape pppd connect 'chat -v "" "your\_init\_string" "" ATDTisp\_number
CONNECT "" ogin: your\_username word: your\_passwd' /dev/tty(0/1/2) speed
modem\/}

pppd ÔÚÄãÏµÍ³ÖÐµÄ /usr/sbin/pppd ,È»ºòÔÚÔØÈë chat À´°ïÄã²¦ºÅ. Chat ½«»áËÍ³ö
{\itshape ÄãµÄ³õÊ¼×Ö´®\/}µ½Êý¾Ý»úÉÏ,È»áá¿ªÊ¼²¦{\itshape Äã ISP
µÄµç»°\/}È»ááËü¾Í»á¿ªÊ¼µÈ´ýÓ©Ä»ÉÏ³öÏÖ CONNECT ÒÔ¼° ogin:
·ûºÅ³öÏÖ(ÕâÀïÃ»ÓÐ¿ªÍ·µÄ l
ÊÇÒòÎªµÚÒ»×ÖÔªÓÐÊ±»áÔÚ´«ËÍÊ±ÒÅÊ§),½ÓÖøÔÙËÍ³ö{\itshape ÄãµÄÃÜÂë\/},
µ½ÕâÀï chat¾Í½áÊøÁËËüµÄ¹¤×÷,½«Ê£ÏÂÀ´µÄ²¿·Ý½»¸ø pppd À´±íÑÝ.

×îááÒ»¸öÖ¸ÁîÊÇÖ¸¶¨ÄãµÄÊý¾Ý»úÔÚÄÇÒ»¸öÁ¬½Ó²ºÉÏ(ÎÒµÄÊÇÔÚ /dev/ttyS1).
Í¨³£Ëü¶¼ÊÇÔÚ ttyS1 (DOS µ×ÏÂµÄ COM2),ttyS0 (DOS µ×ÏÂµÄ COM1),
Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÓÃ Slackware µÄ°æ±¾,¾ÍÊÇ cua1 »òÊÇ cua0 .ÖÁì¶ spped 
Ö¸µÄÊÇÄã modem µÄËÙ¶È.ÎÒÊÇÊ¼ÓÃ 115200 ÔÚÎÒµÄÊý¾Ý»ú(33.6k)ÉÏ.
Èç¹ûÄãÊÇ×î½ü²ÅÂòµÄµçÄÔ(ÓÐÖø 16550 UART ),ÄÇ÷á¾ö¶Ô²»Òª±È 57600 À´µÄµÍ.
´ËÍâ,14.4k µÄ modem ¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËüÉè³É 38400.Modem Ö»»á¸æËß pppd ËüÊÇ¸ö serial/modem.
Èç¹ûÄã²»Ï£ÍûÓÐÈß³¤µÄ¼ÇÂ¼µµÄÇ¾Í²»Òª¼ÓÉÏ -v Ñ¡Ïî.

ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÊÇÒ»¸öÈË²¦ºÅµ½Ò»¸ö×Ô¶¯Ìá¹© PPP Á¬ÏßµÄ ISP(ÀýÈç:¸Ã ISP
Ã»ÓÐÈÎºÎÑ¡ÔñÊ¹ÓÃºÎÕßÐ­¶¨µÄ»­Ãæ.)Ê±.ÕâÊÇËû ~/ppp-connect ÀïµÄÄÚÈÝ :

{\itshape pppd connect 'chat "" "ATZ" "" ATDT555-1800
CONNECT "" ogin: johnny word: blackjak' /dev/ttyS1 115200
modem\/}

µ«ÊÇ¶ÔÓÐÐ©ÈË¶øÑÔ,ËûÃÇµÄ ISP »áÓÐÑ¡ÔñºÎÖÖÐ­¶¨²¢ÇÒ²»»á×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ PPP
·þÎñµÄÈË,¿ÉÄÜ»áÔì³ÉÒ»Ð©ÎÊÌâ(Òë×¢:Ïñ Hinet).ÐÒÔËµÄÊÇ, chat
Ò²ÄÜ´¦ÀíÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ.ÄãÖ»ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÒ»Ð©ÃüÁîµ½ÄãµÄ chat µÄ script ÖÐ¼´¿É.
ÀýÈç,ÏÂÃæµÄ johnny µÄ ISP »á¶ª¸øËûÒ»¸ö»­Ãæ,ÐèÒªËûÊäÈë ppp À´½¨Á¢ ppp
Á¬Ïß.ËûµÄ shell prompt ÊÇÓÃ \$.
{\itshape pppd connect 'chat "" "ATZ" "" ATDT555-1800
CONNECT "" ogin: johnny word: blackjak \$ ppp' /dev/ttyS1 115200
modem\/}

Èç¹ûÕâÐ©³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×Ö,È·¶¨ÄãÓÐÓÃÒýºÅ¼Ð×¡Ëü.ÎÒÏ£ÍûÄãÄÜÁË½âÕâÐ©ÒâË¼,
²¢ÇÒÄÜÐ´³öÊÊºÏÄãÁ¬ÏßµÄ script.Ö»Ðè¸Ä±äµÚÒ»¸ö»òµÚ¶þ¸ö script ÖÐµÄ johnny
À´ÅäºÏÄãµÄÐèÒª,Á¬½Ó²º, ISP ,µÈµÈ²¢½«Ëü´æµµ.

ÏÖÔÚ,Äã¿ÉÒÔÉè¶¨ÄãµÄ scipt ²¢ÇÒÈ·¶¨Ö»ÓÐ root ²ÅÄÜÖ´ÐÐ,¶Á,Ð´Ëü.
ÕâÊÇ·Ç³£ÖØÒªµÄ.Èç¹ûÄã¾ö¶¨±£Áô -v Ñ¡Ïî,ÄÇÒªÈ·¶¨Ã»ÓÐÈËÄÜ¿´ÄãµÄ¼ÇÂ¼µµ.
ÒòÎªÄãµÄÃÜÂë½«»áÔÚ´¿ÎÄ×ÖµÄ¼ÇÂ¼µµÖÐ±»¿´¼û.(ÎÒºÜÉÙ¿´¼ûÐèÒª -v µÄÇé¿ö,
Èç¹ûÄã²»ÖªµÀÎÒËµÕâ¶ÎµÄÒâË¼,ÄÇ÷áÇëÎñ±ØÒÆÈ¥ -v Ñ¡Ïî.


\subsection{IP µÄ Doname Names ºÍ´ÎÍøÓò(Subnets)}

¶Ôì¶´ó²¿·ÝÊ¹ÓÃÉÏÃæÉè¶¨Á¬ÏßµÄÈË,Ò»¸ö²»¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ²¢²»»á¶ÔËûÃÇÔì³ÉÀ§ÈÅ.
ÕâÐ©ÈË°üÀ¨»ù±¾,Ò»°ãµÄÊ¹ÓÃÕß,ËûÃÇÖ»ÒªÓÐ²¦½ÓµÄÕÊºÅ¾ÍºÃ,²¢²»ÐèÒªºÜ¸ßÉîµÄ¼¼Êõ.
¶Ôì¶ÕâÐ©ÈË¿ÉÒÔÌø¹ýÕâÒ»½Ú,ÎÒ½«»á¸æËßÄã±ØÐè×÷µÄÖØÒª¹¤×÷À´ÊÊÇÐµÄÉè¶¨ÄãµÄÏµÍ³.
ÐÂÊÖ,¿ÉÒÔÌø¹ý´¦Àí¹Ì¶¨ IP ,Doname Names, Subnets,µÄÕâÒ»½Ú,¶øÖ»Òª¶ÁÕâ½ÚµÄ
×îááÒ»²¿·Ý¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË.

ÏòÄãµÄ ISP È¡µÃ¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄ,ËùÒÔ,Èç¹ûÄã²»È·¶¨µÄ»°,
¿ÉÒÔÏòÄãµÄ ISP Ñ¯ÎÊ.ÖÁì¶ÎÒ¸öÈË,ÔòÊÇÒª¸¶·ÑÀ´È¡µÃ¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ.
¹Ì¶¨ IP »ò doname ÄÜÈÃÄãÊÕ·¢ e-mail µÈµÈ.Èç¹ûÄãÏëÎªÄã×Ô¼º»ñµÃ¹Ì¶¨ IP ,
Ð´ e-mail ¸ø root@ÄãµÄISP.com ,Ñ¯ÎÊËûÊÇ·ñÄÜ¸øÄãÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP.

µ±ÄãÓÐÁË¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ,ÓÃ grep ÔÚÄãµÄ /etc Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÑ°ÕÒÄã¾ÉµÄ IP Î»ÖÃÔÚÄÇ.
ÎÒ±ØÐè¸Ä±äÎÒ sendmail Ä¿Â¼ÏÂºÍ /etc/hosts µµ°¸ÄÚÈÝ.»¹ÓÐÒ»Ð©±ØÐè¸Ä±äµÄµµ°¸.
±ØÐè¿¿Äã×Ô¼ºÓÃ grep Ö¸Áî°ÑËûÃÇ¸øÕÒ³öÀ´.ÔÚÄãµÄ /etc/hosts ÖÐÓÃ±ê×¼µÄ¸ñÊ½¼ÓÉÏÄã
ÐÂµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ,ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÄãµÄµçÄÔ,ÄÇ÷áÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×¼±¸Á¬ÉÏÍøÂ·ÁË.

ÄãÏÖÔÚ±ØÐè¸Ä±äÄãµÄ script À´ÅäºÏÄãÐÂµÄÉè¶¨.Èç¹ûÄã±»ÆÈÒ»¿ªÊ¼Á¬Ïß¾Í¿ªÆô PPP
ÄÇ÷áÄãÐèÒª¸æËßÄã ISP µÄÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÕßÀ´È·±£ËûÃÇµÄ PPP ÏµÍ³ÖªµÀÄãÓÐ¹Ì¶¨µÄ IP
Î»Ö·,²¢ÇÒ·ÖÅä¸øÄãÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÎ»ÖÃ¶ø²»ÊÇÈÎÒâµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ.Èç¹ûÄã»áÓÐÊäÈëºÎÖÖÐ­¶¨µÄ
»­Ãæ,¶øÇÒÄã±ØÐè´òÈë ppp Ö®ÀàµÄ¶«Î÷²ÅÄÜ¿ªÊ¼Á¬Ïß.¸Ä±äÄãµÄ ~/ppp-connect script
À´ËÍ³öÕâÐ©×Ö´®À´´úÌæÄã×Ô¼ºÔÚ¿´µ½ \$ »òÆäËüÌáÊ¾·ûºÅÊ±×Ô¼ºËùÊäÈëµÄ×Ö´®.

{\itshape /usr/sbin/pppd :ÄãµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ\/}

°ÑÄãµÄ ISP Ëù¸øÄãµÄÎ»ÖÃÌîÈë.È·¶¨ÄãÔÚ½«Î»ÖÃÌîÈëÄãµÄ chat script
Ê±,ÓÐÓÃ " "À´½«Ëü¼Ð×¡.Èç¹ûÕâÃ»ÓÐÓÃ,Ñ¯ÎÊÄãµÄ ISP ËµÄãµÄ PPP daemon
ÔÚÄÇÀï,²¢ÇÒÒªÇóËûÏÂÏà¹ØµÄÃüÁî.Äã¿ÉÒÔÊÔÖø±£ÁôÕâÐ©Éè¶¨,¿´¿´ÄãµÄ ISP 
ÊÇ·ñÈÏµÃÄã²¢ÇÒ¸øÓèÄãÕýÈ·µÄÎ»ÖÃ.

ÏÂÒ»¼þÒª×öµÄÊÂ¾ÍÊÇÎªÄã×Ô¼ºÒªµ½Ò»¸ö domain name.
ÎÒÖªµÀÔÚ°ÄÖÞ, .asn.au ºÍ .org.au ÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄ.ÔÚÃÀ¹ú,Äã¿ÉÒÔÄÃµ½Ò»¸ö .us
µÄÃâ·Ñ domain ,µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÄÜÒªÒ»¶ÎÊ±¼ä.Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ°ÄÖÞ,ÄãÒ»¶¨ÒªÈ¥
\onlynameurl{http://www.aunic.net/}
À´×¢²áÄãµÄ domain .ÔÚÃÀ¹ú,ÔòÊÇµ½
\onlynameurl{http://www.internic.net/} .

Òª×¢²áÍøÓò( domain ),Äã±ØÐëÌá¹© DNS »òÆäËüÀàËÆµÄ·þÎñ.Èç¹ûÄãµÄ ISP
²»ÄÜÌá¹© domain ¸øÄã,·ÅÆúÒ»¸ö¹«¼ÒµÄÍøÓò .asn.au »òÆäËüµÄÍøÓòÃû³Æ,
²¢ÇÒÏò Monolith Internet ÒªÒ»¸ö Domain °É.

Monolith ÎªÈ«ÊÀ½çÈÎºÎÈËÌá¹©Ò»¸öÃâ·ÑµÄ Domain.ÉêÇëµÄ¹ý³ÌÍêÈ«²»±Ø½Ó´¥µ½ÈË.
È«²¿½åÓÉÍøÂ·±íµ¥( web forms )µÄ½çÃæ,Í¸¹ýÄãµÄÍøÂ·ä¯ÀÀÆ÷( brower )À´´ï³É.
ÄãµÄ domain ½«»áÊÇÒ»¸ö *.ml.org(*ÊÇÄãµÄÉêÇëÃû×Ö)µÄÐÎÊ½.
Monolith ½«»áÎªÄãÔÚµ±µØÉèÁ¢ DNS .Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÓÃ domain À´ÊÕ·¢ÐÅ¼þ,ÒªÇóÄãµÄ ISP
³ÉÎªÄãµÄ mail exchanger.

È¥
\onlynameurl{http://www.ml.org/}
²¢ÇÒÌîÐ´Ò»·ÝÉêÇëÊé.ÓÃÄãµÄÕÊºÅºÍÃÜÂë½øÈë NIC ,²¢ÇÒÈ¡ºÃÒ»¸öÃâ·ÑµÄ domain
°É.Äã½«±ØÐèÊäÈëÄãµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ,ËùÒÔÊÂÏÈ×¼±¸ºÃËü.ÄãµÄ domain ½«»áÔÚ¼¸ÌìÄÚ
´æÔÚì¶ DNS ÖÐ.

ºÃÁË,ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ½«Ì¸µ½ÐÂÊÖµÄ²¿·Ý,»òÊÇÄÇÐ©ÎÞ·¨ÓµÓÐ¹Ì¶¨ IP Î»ÖÃ¼° domain
µÄÈË.ÄãËùÒª×öµÄÖ»ÓÐÒÑ root Éí·Ý±à¼­ /etc/hosts µµ,½ÐÄãµÄÎ»ÖÃÎªÒ»¸ö²»
»áÔì³É³åÍ¾µÄÃû×Ö,¸øËûÒ»¸ö 10.10.10.10 »òÊÇÀàËÆµÄÎ»ÖÃ,²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÄãµÄµçÄÔ.

ÏÖÔÚÆð,ÄãÒÑ¾­ÓÃ pppd ºÍ chat Éè¶¨ºÃÄãµÄµçÄÔÔÚ10·ÖÖÓÄÚ.ÏÖÔÚ,ÈÃÎÒÃÇµ½ÏÂÒ»¶Î,
´¦ÀíÓÐ¹Øµç×ÓÓÊ¼þµÄ²¿·Ý.


\section{ÔÚÄã Linux ÖÐµÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þ}

ÍøÂ·ÖÐ×îÖØÒªµÄÒ»ÃæÊÇËüÁîÈË¸Ðµ½ÉñÆæµÄ±ãÀûÐÔÔÚ¹úÓë¹úÖ®¼ä´«ËÍ¼°½ÓÊÕÐÅ¼þ,
»òÊÇÊ¹±¾µØ¹µÍ¨¸ü·½±ã. Linux ÔÚ console µÄÐÅ¼þ´¦ÀíÊÇ¼òµ¥¶ø·Ç³£Ç¿¶øÓÐÁ¦µÄ.
ÎÒÃÇ½ñÌìÔÚÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÖÐÒª½éÉÜµÄÊÇ Pine (Ò»¸ö´¦Àí Internet Mail ºÍ News
µÄ³ÌÊ½),ÊÇÓÉ»ªÊ¢¶Ù´óÑ§(University of Washington)ËùÐ´µÄ,ÖÁì¶½ÓÊÕÓÊ¼þ,
ÀûÓÃÒ»¸ö½Ð Fetchmail µÄ³ÌÊ½,ÓÉ Eric S. Raymond ËùÐ´µÄ.  
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\end{document}
