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\title{¤¤¤åª© The Linux News HOWTO}
\author{§@ªÌ: Vince Skahan {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{vince@halcyon.com}}\\ 
Ä¶ªÌ: Hu,Shih-Ming {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw}}}
\date{v1.4, 29 November 1995}
\abstract{³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O´y­z¥h³]©w¡BºûÅ@¦b Linux ¨t²Î¤Uªº USENET News ¦øªA¾¹¡C¦pªG±z¥´ºâ­n¦b¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷©Î¦P®É¦b¦Û¤v¥H¤Î§O¤Hªº¥D¾÷¤WÅª¡B±i¶Kºô¸ô·s»Dªº¸Ü¡A«h±z¥i¯à»Ý­n¦¹½g¤å¥ó¡C¦pªG±z¨Ã¨S¦³¥´ºâ¦b±zªº¨t²Î´£¨Ñºô¸ô·s»D¦øªA¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A¨º±z¥i¥H¤£¶·¾\Åª¦¹¤å¥óªº¡C}


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\section{¤¶²Ð}

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±z¥i¥H§Q¥Î 'bash -version'¨Óª¾¹D±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îªº bash ªºª©¥»¡C
1.14.2 ªºª©¥»µ´¹ï¬O¤£«ç»òªº°ª©ú¡C
¦b§Ú¼g³o­Ó¤å¥óªº®É­Ô¡A¬Ý°_¨Ó 1.14.5 ¦n¹³¦³¤ñ¸û¦n¨Ç¡C

Steve Robbins ¤w½T©w³Ìªñªºª©¥»¤§ 'Cnews Cleanup Release' 
µo²{»P GNU ªºshellutils-1.9 µ²¦X®É¦³¤@°¦ÂÎ¡I
§Ú°O±o Steve ¦³±N¨ä¸É¤B©ñ¨ì sunsite¡C




\subsubsection{³]©w Cnews}

¦Ü¤Ö±z»Ý­n¥h½s¿è©Î¬O¬Ý¤@¤U©³¤Uªº¤@¨ÇÀÉ®×¡A
¥¦­Ì³£©ñ¦b /usr/local/lib/news¡C

\begin{verbatim}
active             - active ÀÉ®×¡C¡]Ä¶µù¡G´N¬O¦s©ñ±z­n¦¬ªººô¸ô·s»D°Q½×¸sªº¦W¦r¡^
batchparms         - §å¦¸§@·~ªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C
explist            - ³]©w¤å³¹¦s¬¡ªº®É¶¡¡C
mailname           - mail replies ®É¦b header ªº¦W¦r¡C
mailpaths          - ­n±i¶K¤å³¹¨ì moderated ®É mail ªº¸ôÍß¡C
organization       - ±zªº¤½¥q¦WºÙ¡C
sys                - ±±¨î¨º¨Ç¬O±z­n±µ¦¬©Î¬OÁý°eªº¡C
whoami             - ¦b Path: ¨º¦æ±zªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C
\end{verbatim}





\subsubsection{ºûÅ@ Cnews}

­º¥ý¡A³Ì­«­nªº­ì«h´N¬O¤£­n¤â°Ê¥h§Ë¶Ã¨º¨Ç¥»¨Ó¦³¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¥h³]©wªºÀÉ®×¡C
¯S§O¬O¤£­n¤â°Ê¥h³]©w newsfeed 
¡]±z¥i¥H¶] {\ttfamily addfeed}¡^¤Î§Ë¶Ã±zªº active ÀÉ®×
¡]±z¥i¥H¶] {\ttfamily addgroup}¡^¡C
·í±z¦³ºÃ°Ýªº®É­Ô¡AÅª...¦AÅªªþ¦b­ì©lµ{¦¡¤ºªº¤å¥ó¡C

¨C¥ó¨Æ³£¥i¥H§Q¥Î {\ttfamily cron} ¨Ó°µ¡C 
§Úªº crontab ¤º¦³Ãö©ó news ªº³¡¥÷¦p¤U¡G

\begin{verbatim}
        # take the compressed batches that came in from other systems
        # also, post (locally) articles that originated here
        20 *       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrun  

        # batch 'em up to go out
        0 *        * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/batch/sendbatches myfeedsite

        # expire C-news 
        59 0       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/expire/doexpire 

        # monitor stuff and report if needed
        10 5       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/newsdaily 
        00 5       * * * /usenet/sw/new/bin/newswatch 

        # turn processing of incoming news batches off 6:30AM - 4:00 PM
        30 6       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning off 
        00 16      * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning on 
\end{verbatim}





\subsection{InterNetNews (INN)}

INN ¬O·sÅD¤W»R¥xªÌ¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¥¦ªº§¹¾ã©Ê¨Ï±o¥¦Àò±oÅwªï¡C
¥¦¥D­nªº¦n³B¬O¥¦ªº ³t«×¥H¤Î¥]§t¤F§¹¾ãªº nntp ªº¥]¸Ë¡C
¥¦¥D­nªº¯ÊÂI¬O¥¦¬OÄÝ©ó¤ñ¸û·s¦Ó©|¥¼¦b³\¦h¼Ð·Çªº *nix ¨t²Î¤W¦w¸Ë¤Î¨S¦³·å²«ªº¶]¹L¡C
¥t¥~¡A¥¦»Ý­n¦³­Ó¦uÅ@¯«¡]daemon¡^¤@ª½¦b°õ¦æ¡]{\ttfamily innd}¡^
¤Î¦A¥[¤W¤@­Ó overchan ªº daemon ¥h³B²z½uºü(threading)¡C
¥¦ªº¼Ð¼m¬Ý¨Ó´N¬O¥iÆ[ªº°O¾ÐÅé¤Î¸û§Öªº³t«×¡C

§Ú´¿¸g¦b¤@¥x 8MB 386-33¡]¨S¦³¶] Xwindows¡^
ªº¥D¾÷¤W¥Î INN ¥H UUCP ªº§Î¦¡³z¹L14.4 kb modem 
¦Ó¦³¹L¤@­Ó±ß¤W³Ì°ª 5 MB ·s»DÁý°e¶qªº°O¿ý¡A
¨Ã¥B¨S¦³¥ô¦óªº°ÝÃD¡C

¾¨ºÞ¥¦¦b Linux ¤U¬O§Ö³t¦Ó¥B¬Û·íªºÃ­©w¡A
¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¥¦¹ï©ó­è¶}©lªº·s»D¦øªA¾¹ºÞ²zªÌ¦Ó¨¥¨Ã¨S¦³§¹¾ãªº¤å¥ó
¡]ÁöµM¯u¹êªº±¡§Î¬O¦pªG±z¾é¸Ñ¥H«á¡A¶]¥¦¬O¬Û·íªº®e©öªº¡^¡C
©Ò¥H·sªº USENETºÞ²zªÌ³Ì¦n¬O¥ý¥Î Bnews ©Î¬O Cnews ¡A
ª½¨ì±z¹ïºô¸ô·s»D¦³¤F¬Û·íªºµ{«×«á¦A¥h¨Ï¥Î INN¡C
¡]Ä¶µù¡G§OÅ¥¥Lªº¡A
¦b¥xÆW¬O¤@¦Ê¥x·s»D¦øªA¾¹¥D¾÷¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤E¤Q¤­¥x¬O¦w¸Ë INN ªº¡A
¤å¥ó¤Ö¬O¯uªº¡A¤£¹L¦b Linux ¤W¦w¸Ë¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü§xÃø¡A
¤å¥ó²{¦b¦³ News FAQ part 1-9¥H¤Î¬Û·í§¹¾ãªºmanual  page¡A
¥u¬O±z©Ò»Ý­nªº¥u¬O¦h°µÂI¥\½Ò´N¬O°Õ¡I
¤×¨ä¬O¦³¦ì C.S.Chen ¡F§KÅå°Õ¡^

INN ªº permission ¬O«Ü¯S§Oªº¡A§O§â¥¦­Ì§Ë²V¤F¡C

INN ¹ï©ó¼Ð·Çªº TCP/IP ªº­n¨D¤]«Ü¯S®í¡A
Linux ¦b³o¤è­±¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü¦X¥G±ø¥ó¡A
¦]¦¹±z³Ì¦n¬O¥h¤@¯ë Linux ªº archie site 
§ì¯S©wµ¹ Linux ¥Îªº INN ¨Ó¥Î¥i¯à¤ñ¸û§´·í¡C
¡]Ä¶µù¡G³o¤@¤è­±¦b Linux 1.3.67 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»¨ä TCP/IP ¤v¸g²Å¦X¨ä­n¨D¤F¡A
¥Ø«e³Ì smart ªº¬Okernel 1.3.70¥H¤W¦A¥[¤W
inn1.4unoff4  um...¾Ú»¡ unoff5 ³£¥X¨Ó¤F¡I 
¨Ï¥Î redhat 3.0.3 ªº¥i¥H¨ì¥L­Ì¤½¥qªº ftp site ¤U¸ü 
newspak-unoff3~5.rpm ¹H¬O¤@­Ó binary distribution¡^    




\subsubsection{¦w¸Ë INN}

( {\ttfamily ¥H¤U¨Ó¦Û Arjan de Vet - devet@info.win.tue.nl} )

§Ú¬°¤F­n¨Ï INN 1.4 ¥i¥H¦b Linux ¤W¶]¡A
©ó¬O°µ¤F¥²­n¸É¤B¤Î³]©wÀÉ¡A
±z¥i¥H¦b¥H¤Uªº¦a¤è¨ú±o¥¦¡G

{\ttfamily ftp.win.tue.nl:/pub/linux/ports/inn-1.4-linux.tar.gz}

INN »Ý­n¤@­Ó¨}¦nªº /bin/sh¡C§Ú¨Ï¥Î bash 1.13 betaª©
¡]±z¥i¥H¦b¦U­Ó ftp site §ä¨ì¥¦¡^¡C
bash 1.12 ¦³¤@¨Ç¤p°ÝÃD¡A
¦³¨Çºô¸ô·s»D¸s¥¦¨Ã¤£¯à¥¿½Tªº´x±±
¡]¤]³\ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥Lªº°ÝÃD¡A¤£¹L§Ú¤£°O±o¤F¡^¡C




\subsubsection{³]©w INN}

°ò¥»¤W¥u­n±z«ö·Ó Arjan's ªº«ü¤Þ¡A
´N¥i¥H§â¥¦³]©w§¹¦¨¡C
³o¸Ì¬O¤@¨Ç¶·­n°µ¨Ç¤°»òªººK­n¡C

\begin{itemize}
\item ¦b config.data¡A½T©w±z¤w±N HAVE\_UNIX\_DOMAIN ³]©w¦¨ DONT¡C
¡]Ä¶µù¡G¦b¨Ï¥Î·sªº kernel¤Î inn-1.4unoff4 ®É¡A±z¥i¥H³]©w¦¨ DO¡^
\item ±N±z¶] innd ªº¨º¥x¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¥[¤J hosts.nntp¡A
¦pªG±z¥u¨Ï¥Î uucp ªº¸Ü¡A
´N¶ñ¤J±zªº sitename¡C
\item ½T©w±zªº {\ttfamily /etc/inetd.conf} ¤º¨º¦æ nntp ¤w¸g¥Î"\#"¸¹±N¥¦ comment ±¼¤F¡C
¡]Ä¶µù¡G¦pªG¥Î¼É¤O¤@ÂIªº¤è¦¡¡A´N°®¯Ü±N¥¦ kill ±¼¡^
\item ¦pªG±z¦³¦w¸Ë Taylor UUCPªº¸Ü¡A
«hÁÙ­n±N config.data ¤ºªº {\ttfamily HAVE\_UUSTAT ³]¦¨ DO}¡C
¦pªG±z¦b¦¹³]©w¿ù»~ªº¸Ü¡A
·|¾É­P¨S¦³¿ìªk±N news ¥~°e¡C
\item ¦pªG±z¶] INN¡A±z°È¥²°O±o­n¥h­×§ï {\ttfamily syslog.conf}¡A³o¹ï±z¦³«Ü¤j«Ü¤jªºÀ°§U¡C
\end{itemize}

INN ¦³­Ó«Ü¯S§Oªº FAQ¡A¨C­Ó¤ë³£·|©w´Áªº±i¶K¨ì news.software.nntp, 
news.software.b,news.answers¡C
±z¤]¥i¥H¦b 
{\ttfamily rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/news} ¤U¨ú±o¡C
±z±N·|«Ü°ª¿³±z°µ¤F¡I




\subsubsection{ºûÅ@ INN}

§Úµo²{ Linux ªº INN site °£¤F³]©w¤@¨Ç cron ¥~¡A
¥¦´X¥G¤£¶·¤°»ò·ÓÅUªº¡C
°ò¥»¤W±z»Ý­n¤@¨Ç¹³¥H¤Uªº crontab¡G

\begin{verbatim}
        # daily maint, also expire the .overview database and articles
        1 0 * * * /usenet/sw/inn/bin/news.daily expireover delayrm < /dev/null

        # send 'em out
        5 * * * * /usenet/sw/inn/lib/send-uucp
\end{verbatim}


¡]¦pªG±z¤w¸g§ï¥Î bash 1.13 «h {\ttfamily "{$<$} /dev/null"} ´N¤£»Ý­n¤F¡^




\subsection{¤@¨Ç¨ä¥Lªººô¸ô·s»D¶Ç°e³nÅé}

¥H¤U¦C¥X¤@¨Ç¦b Linux ¤W½T»{¤]¥i¥H¶]ªººô¸ô·s»D¶Ç°e³nÅé¡G
\begin{itemize}
\item dynafeed
\item nntp1.5.11
\item slurp1.05
\end{itemize}





\subsection{Ä¶ªÌªº¸Ü}

Â½Ä¶¤F¦Ñ¥b¤Ñ¡Aµ²ªG¬O·UÂ½·U¤õ¤j¡C
ÁÙ¦n¬O·íªì§Ú¦b¦w¸Ë INN ªº®É­Ô¡A
ÁÙ¨S¦³¬Ý¨ì³o­ÓHOWTO¡A
§_«h¬Ý¤F¦Ñ¥b¤Ñ¡A¯à¤£¯à¦w¸Ëªº°_¨Ó¡A
§Ú¬ÝÁÙ¬O­Ó¤j°ÝÃD¡I
¥H¤U¬O§Q¥Î Slackware Linux
¡]§Ú§Ñ¤F¨º¤@­Óª©¥»¤F°Õ¡I¦ý¤£¬O 3.0 ªº³á :-(   
·Ó¼Ë¨Ó¬qÁn©ú¡G
¦pªG±z­n§Q¥Î 3.0¥H¤Wªºª©¥»¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡A
µo¥Í¤@¤Á·N¥~¡A¨ä«áªG¥Ñ±z¦Û¦æ©Ó¾á¡A
¤£¹L§Ú«ÜÃhºÃÃø¹D Slackware ªº¦w¸Ë·|§ï¤F¶Ü¡H
¦pªG±z§Q¥Î 3.0 ¦w¸Ë«á¦³¤Fµ²ªG¡A
½Ð email §i¶D§Ú¡^

­º¥ý©O´N¬O±z­n¦³ Slackware Linux °Õ¡A
­n«ç»ò¨ú±o±z´N¦Û¤v³]ªk§a¡I
¬Ý¬O­n¥Î hopenet ªº¥úºÐ¡A
ÁÙ¬O­n§Q¥Îºô¸ô¦w¸Ë¡A
©Î¬O­n¶R¥¿¦¡ª©¥»ªº Slackware 
§Ú³£¨S¦³·N¨£°Õ¡I

±z¥i¥H§Q¥Î pkgtool ¨Ó¦w¸Ë N ¨t¦C¸Ì­±ªº innd¡C
¥¦·|À°±z¦w¸Ëªº®t¤£¦h¡F
¦ý¬O¡A¥u¬O®t¤£¦h¦Ó¤w³á¡A
¨Ã¤£¬OÀ°±z¦w¸Ëªº¦n¦nªº©O¡I
±zÁÙ¬O»Ý­n¦A¥h°µ¤@¨Ç³]©wªº°Õ¡I

¦³¤@ÂI­n´£¿ô¦U¦ìªº¬O¡A
Slackware ªº inn ¬O¦w¸Ë¨ì /usr/lib/news ¥h¡A
¦Ó¤£¬O¤@¯ëªº/usr/local/lib/news ³á¡C

µM«á±z´N cd /usr/lib/news/tools.linux ¡A
³o­Ó¸Ì­±¦³¦n¦hªºÄ_ÂÃ©O¡A
­º¥ý±z¥ý§â¦³­Ó¥sINSTALL.linux ªºµ¹¦L¤F¥X¨Ó¡A
µM«á±z´N«ö·Ó¤W­±ªº¨BÆJ¤@¨B¤@¨Bªº°µ¤U¥h¤j·§´N±µªñ§¹¦¨¤F¡C
§Ú¦b¤UÃä©Òªþªº¬O±q¨º¨àÂ½Ä¶¹L¨Óªº¤å¥ó¡A
¦ýÁÙ¬O±j¯Pªº«ØÄ³±z³Ì¦nÁÙ¬O¬Ý­ì©lªº¡C

---------------------------------------------------------------------
¨t²Î»Ý¨D¡G
\begin{itemize}
\item ld.so
\item libc.so.4  -{$>$} libc.so.4.5.19
\item smail ©Î¬O sendmail
\end{itemize}


¦w¸Ë¨BÆJ¡G
\begin{enumerate}
\item   §Q¥Î±z®M¸Ëªº¤u¨ã¸Ñ¶}µ{¦¡²Õ¡A
¦b Slackware Linux «h¬O§Q¥Î¨ä¤½¥Îµ{¦¡ pkgtool¡C
\item   ½T©w±zªº¨t²Î¤º¦³­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Î¸s²Õ¦WºÙ¥s news ªº¡C
\begin{verbatim}
    /etc/passwd
                 news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
                      | |  |____ GID 13 !
                      | |_______ UID 9 !
                      |_________ ³o­Ó­ì¤å¼g¿ù¤F¡A¦pªG±z¬O¥Înews::9:13
    ªº¸Ü¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î news ªº¨­¥÷¨Ã¥B¤£»Ý­n password ´N¥i¥H login 
    ¤F¡A¦pªG±z­Ì¬O³o¼Ë¤l³]©w¡A½Ð§i¶D§Ú¡A¨º¤Ñ¥h§¤§¤.....    ^_^ 

    /etc/group
                 news::13:news
                        |_______GID 13!
\end{verbatim}
\item   ¦]¬°¦³¤@¨Ç script ·|±H«Hµ¹ usenet¡A©Ò¥H¥²¶·³]©w¤@­Ó mail ªº alias¡A
§â¥¦©ñ¦b /etc/aliases¡C¤º®e¦p¤U¡G
\begin{verbatim}
    /etc/aliases:
                  news: root
                  usenet: root
\end{verbatim}

µM«á¦A§Q¥Î newaliases ©R¥O­««Ø alias ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C 
\item   ¨ì /etc/rc.d/rc.local ¥[¤J inn °_°Êªº script "rc.news"
\begin{verbatim}
    # start inn
    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
\end{verbatim}
\item   ±N¦b /usr/lib/news/tools.
¸Ì­±¦³­Ó¥s°µ crontab-news ªºÀÉ®×½Æ»s¨ì 
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/news¥h¡A
¨Ã¥B±N¥¦°µ¾A·íªº­×§ï¡C
±N¥¦¸Ì­±¦³­Ó¦W¦r§ï¦¨Áý°eºô¸ô·s»Dµ¹±zªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C
\item   ±z²{¦bªº news LIBDIR ¬O¦b /usr/lib/news¡C
¦ý¦]¬°¦³«Ü¦hªº·s»DÅª¨úµ{¦¡·|¨ì
/usr/local/lib/news ¥hÅª¨ú¬ÛÃöªº³]©w¡A
¦]¦¹±z»Ý­n°µ¤@­Ó²Å¸¹ªº³sµ²¡G
\begin{verbatim}
    ln -s /usr/lib/news /usr/local/lib/news
\end{verbatim}

¦pªG±z¦b¥H«e´¿¸g¦w¸Ë¹L Cnews ªº¸Ü¡A
¨º´N¤w¸g¦s¦b­Ó /usr/local/lib/news¤F¡A
¦]¦¹±z»Ý­n¥ý§Q¥Î rm ±N¥¦®³±¼¡I
\item   news ªº spool ¥Ø¿ý¦b /var/spool/news¡C
¦pªG¦b±zªº¨t²Î¤º¤w¸g¦³¦b¤£¦P¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº news ¤å³¹®É¡A
¦Ó±z¤S¤w¸g¦³ /var/spool/news ªº¥Ø¿ý®É¡A
¥ý²¾°£/var/spool/news ¥Ø¿ý¡A
µM«á¦A±N±zªº news spool ¥Ø¿ý°µ­Ó²Å¸¹³sµ²
¡]¨Ò¦p»¡¡A¦pªG±z­ì¦³ªº¦b /news ªº¸Ü¡^
\begin{verbatim}
    ln -s /news /var/spool/news
\end{verbatim}


\item   ­×§ï¦b /usr/lib/news ¤Uªº config ÀÉ¡G
¦b¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×¤º®e¸Ì­±¦pªG¦³¬Ý¨ì manlobbi ¡A
³oªí¥Ü¬O­Ó·s»D¦øªA¾¹¥D¾÷¡A
¦Ó knobel ¬O§Úªººô¸ô·s»D¾¹«È¤áºÝ¡C
±z¥²¶·¥hÂsÄý¦b /usr/lib/news ¤ºªº¥H¤UÀÉ®×¡C
\begin{verbatim}
    
    expire.ctl hosts.nntp inn.conf moderators newsfeeds
    nnrp.access nntpsend.ctl passwd.nntp
\end{verbatim}


¥H¤W¤@©w­n­×§ïªº¦³ inn.conf, hosts.nntp, newsfeeds, nnrp.access 
¨ä¥Lªº ... um.. ´N¬ÝµÛ¿ì¦n¤F¡C
¦pªG±z¬O¥Î nntpsend ªº¸Ü¡A
¨º±z´N»Ý­n¥h§ï nntpsend.ctl

\item   «Ø¥ß¤@­ÓªÅªºhistory database ¤Î log
\begin{verbatim}
    :>/usr/lib/news/history
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.dir
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.pag
    :>/usr/lib/news/errlog
    :>/usr/lib/news/log
    chmod 664 /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
    chown news.news /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
\end{verbatim}




\item  ¥H root ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ makedirs.sh
\item §Q¥Î man news-recovery ¥hÅª news-recovery¡C
¥¦¥]§t·í±z¤w±N±zªº news ¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì INN ®É¦p¦ó¥h¦^´_¥¦¡C
\item  ½T»{±zªº uucp permission file ¤¹³\ uux ¥h¶] rnews ¤Î grnews¡C
um... Ãi±o¦AÂ½¤U¥h¤F¡A
³o­Ó¯u±o¬O°ê±¡¤£¦P¡A
§A­n¥Î uucp ¶Ü¡H
¶¶«K´£¤@¤U¡A
¦pªG±z¹ï¥~ªºÀW¼e§C©ó 28.8k ªº¸Ü¡A
¨º§Ú¬Ý´Nºâ¤F¡A
¤£­n¦A¸Ë¤°»ò news server ¤F¡F
«e¨Ç¤é¤l¶¢±oµL²áºâ¤F¤@¤U¤U¡A
¦pªG¥u±µtw.bbs.*ªº¸Ü¡A
¤@¤Ñ·|¦Y±¼¤@±ø 14.4k ªºÀW¼e¡C
\item  ³o±ø¦³ÂI¨à°ÝÃD¡A
¦pªG¨S¦³°O¿ùªº¸Ü¡A
¦b News FAQ ¸Ì­±«ØÄ³ªº§ïªk¥i¯à·|¦n¤@¨Ç¡I
\begin{verbatim}
    ´N¬O¦b /etc/syslog.conf ¤º¥[¤J

    *.=info;*.=notice;news.none   /usr/adm/messages
                     ^^^^^^^^^^
                      ¥[¤W¥h 
    news.crit                     /var/log/news/news.crit
    news.err                      /var/log/news/news.err
    news.notice;news.info         /var/log/news/news.notice
\end{verbatim}


³o¤T­ÓÀÉ¡Anews.daily ¦b¨C¤Ñ°õ¦æªº®É­Ô¡A
·|±N¥¦­ÌÀ£ÁY°_¨Ó¡A
µM«á©ñ¨ì/var/log/news/OLD ¸Ì­±¥h¡A
¹w³]­È¬O¦s¤C¤Ñ¡A
¦W¦r¦n¹³´N¬O news.err.gz.1³oºØ¼Ë¤l¡A
ª½¨ì .7 ¬°¤î¥Nªí¤C¤Ñ«eªº¤@¨Ç log ¡C

§Ú´¿¸g¬Ý¹L«Ü¦h¤Hªº³£¬O©ñ¨ì /usr/adm/messages ¤Î /usr/adm/syslog 
¸Ì­±¥h¡A³o¼Ë¤l°µªº¯ÊÂI¬O messages ·|¤@ª½ªø¤j¡A
¦Ó news.daily ¨Ã¤£·|¥h³B²z messages ³o­ÓÀÉ¡A
¨ì¤F¦³¤@¤Ñ¡A±z¤]¨S¦³¤°»ò¤u¨ãµ{¦¡¥i¥H¬Ý¥¦©Î¬O¥h½s¿è¥¦¡A
´N¥u¦³§â¥¦µ¹§R°£±¼³o¤@±ø¸ô¦Ó¤w¡C
¥i¬O±zª¾¹D¨º¼Ë¤l¥i¯à¦³¨Ç­«­nªº°T®§´N³Q±zµ¹...¤F¡C

um...ªGµM¬O¦~¬ö¤j¤F¡A±`±`§ÑªF§Ñ¦èªº¡A
±zÁÙ­n§Q¥Î ps §ä¨ì syslogd ªº pid¡A
µM«á§Q¥Î kill -HUP pid ­«·s°_°Ê¥¦¤~¦³¥Î³á¡I



\item  ­×§ï /etc/inetd.conf ªº¤º®e¡C
±N¸Ì­±¦³¤@¦æ nntp ªº§â¥¦µ¹§R°£±¼¡I
©Î¬O¦b¨º¦æªº«e­±¥[¤W¤@­Ó "\#" ¸¹¡C
³o­Ó¥Øªº¬O¦b Cnews ¸Ì­±¬O§Q¥Î inetd ¥hºÊÅ¥
port 119 ¦pªG¦³ connect ¨ì³o­Ó port ªº¸Ü¡A
inetd ´N¥s¥Î nntp °Õ¡C
¦ý¬O INN ªº§@ªk¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ë¡A
¥¦¬O§Q¥Î innd ³o­Ó daemon ¥hºÊÅ¥³o­Ó port ªº¡A
©Ò¥H¦pªG³o­Ó port ³Q¨Ï¥Î¤F¡A 
innd ³Q¤£¯à¦A§Q¥Î¥¦¤F¡C

¹ï¤F¡A
¥ý§Q¥Î ps ax ¬d¬Ý inetd ªº pid ¡A
µM«á§Q¥Î kill -HUP pid ­«·s°_°Ê inetd¡C
\item  §Q¥Î¤U­zªº©R¥O°_°Ê innd¡A
°O±o­n¥H root ªº¨­¥÷³á¡I
\begin{verbatim}
   
    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
\end{verbatim}




\end{enumerate}

---------------------------------------------------------------------

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¨ì /var/log/news ¬Ý¤@¤U news.err ¤Î news.crit §a¡I
¬Ý¬Ý¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò¡I
µM«á´N¥hÂ½ NEWS FAQ part 3:Reasons why INN isn't start¡C
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¦AÂ½ NEWS FAQ part 5:Other error messages and what they mean¡C
¦pªGÁÙ¬O¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A
´N¥u¦n NEWS FAQ ¥Ñpart 1¨ì part 9 ³£¬Ý¤@¦¸¤F¡I
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±zÅª¤F¡A»P°Ê¤â¥h§â¥¦Â½¦¨¤¤¤å³o¤¤¶¡¡A
»{ª¾¤Wªº·N¹ÒÁÙ¬O¦³¬Û·íµ{«×ªº®t§Oªº¡C
¦pªG³s³o¼Ë³£ÁÙ¬O¦³°ÝÃD¡A
¨º±z¥i¥H§ä¦P·NÁý°e¸ê®Æµ¹±zªº news server ºÞ²zªÌ¡A
§Ú¬Û«H¥L­Ì³£·|¼·­ÓªÅÀ°±z¬Ý¬Ýªº¡A
¥i¯à¦³¨º­Ó¦a¤è¦³°ÝÃD¡A
¤]³\³o­Ó°ÝÃD·|¦M¤Î»P±z¤¬¬ÛÁý°eªº news server ¤]»¡¤£©w¡C
¦pªG³s¥L¤]¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¨Mªº¸Ü¡A
±N±zªº°ÝÃD post ¨ì tw.bbs.netnews¡A
©Î¬O±z­n smart ¤@¤U post ¨ì news.software.nntp ¤]¤£¿ù°Õ¡I
¤£¹L post ¤§«e¦A·Q¤@¤U¡A
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´N¨p¤U¸Ñ¨M§a¡I
¦P¼Ë¬O§â°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¤F¡A
¥i¬O tw.bbs.netnews ¤W¦³¦n´X¦ì news ªººÞ²zªÌ¤]¦b¬Ý©O¡I
©Ò¥H¤Ó¨º­Óªº°ÝÃD¡A
¦³®ÉÁÙ·|³Q®³¥h·í±Ð§÷»¡¡I
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¦]¬° news ªº¯SÂI´N¬O server »P server ¬Û³sªº¡A
¤µ¤Ñ¦h¤F¤@­Ó¤£¬O«ÜºÙÂ¾ªººÞ²zªÌ´Nºâ§Ú³£·|¯Ô¤ß¡A
¨º¤Ñ´N³o¼Ë³QÂ\¤F¤@¤U¤l¤]»¡¤£©w©O¡I

¹ï¤F¡A§Ñ°O´£¤@ÂI¡A¦b /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news ¤º¦³¤@¦æ¬O¥Î¨Ó³]©w 
innwatch ¬O§_­n°_°Êªº¡A
default ­È¬O false «ØÄ³§ï¦¨ true ¡F
¦pªG±z©w¦¨ true ªº¸Ü¡A
¦b°_°Ê innd ªº¦P®É¡A
¥¦¤]·|°_°Ê innwatch¡C
¦Ó innwatch ªº¥\¯à´N¬OºÊµø innd ¬O¤£¬O¦º±¼¤F°Õ¡I
¡]innd ¤]¬O·|¦º±¼ªº¡A
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¦pªG¦³ innwatch ªº¸Ü¡A
¥L·|±H«Ê«Hµ¹ root¡C
ÁÙ¦³´N¬O¨t²Îªº load ¤Ó°ª°Õ¡A
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¡]¦³®É±zÁÙ·|®ðªº·Q§â¥¦µ¹°±±¼©O¡I
©ú©ú¨S«ç»ò¹À¡I
³o®É­Ô±z»Ý­n¥h½Õ¾ã innwatch.ctl ¸Ì­±ªº¤@¨Ç°Ñ¼Æ­È¡^¡C
¤×¨ä¬OµwºÐªºªÅ¶¡¦pªG¥Î¥úªº¸Ü¡A
¦A±µµÛ¤U¨Ó¡A
±z­n¬O¯à°÷µL¶Ëªº­«·s°_°Ê innd ªº¸Ü¡A
¨ºÁÙ¯uªº¬O±zªº³y¤Æ©O¡C

¥t¥~°O±o¤@ÂI¡A
¥H«á­n­×§ï³]©w°Õ¡A
©Î¬O¥[¤J·sªº feed site ¡A
ÁÙ¬O·sªº newsgroup µ¥µ¥¡A
¤Ï¥¿°£¤F°_°Ê rc.news ¤§¥~ªº¤@¤Á»P news ¬ÛÃöªº¡A
±z³£­n¥Î news ªº¨­¥÷¥h§@¡]su news)¡C 

¦b¶}©lºô¸ô¶Ç°e¤§«e¡A
±z¥i¥H¥ý¬Ý INN FAQ Part 4: The debugging tutorial (setup of feeds etc.)¡C
¨Ã°Ñ·Ó¤W­±ªº«ØÄ³¡A
¥ý¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý±zªº³]©w¬O§_³£¬O¥¿½Tªº¡C
¦pªG³o¤@Ãö±z¤]³q¹L¤Fªº¸Ü¡A
¦A°õ¦æ­Ó /usr/lib/news/bin/inncheck -v¡A
¬Ý¬Ý¦³¨S¦³¿ù»~ªº°T®§¡A
¦pªG¤]¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A
³o®É­ÔÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H³qª¾±zªºfeeder ¶}©lÁý°e¬ÛÃöªººô¸ô·s»D°Q½×¸sµ¹±z¤F¡I




\section{News Readers}

³o¸Ì©Ò¿×ªº News Readers ¬OªxºÙ³\¦h¬[ºc¦b  Linux ¤W¥Î¥H¾\Åª newsªº¯S©w³nÅé¡C 
¦Ó¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A
³Ì®e©ö¦Û Linux ©M newspak ¤¤¨ú±oªºª©¥»¬O"{\ttfamily tin}"¡A"{\ttfamily rn}"¡A"{\ttfamily trn}"¡C

°ò¥»¤W¡A·í¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó news reader ®É¡A
¨ä¼Ð·Ç¤£¥~¬O¨Ï¥ÎÂ²³æ¡A
»P®e©ö³]©w(©ö©ó¿ï¾Ü¦³¿³½ì·Q¾\Åªªºnews¡A
¨Ã¿z°£±¼¤£·Q¾\Åªªº¤å³¹)¡C

±z¥i¥H³]©w¸ô®|¨ì¥ô¦ó§A°ª¿³ªº¦a¤è¡A
¥u­n¥þ³¡ªº·s»DÅª¨úµ{¦¡¥i¥H±q§A¦w¸ËªºINN©ÎCnews§ä±o¨ì
"{\ttfamily inews}"¤Î"{\ttfamily mail}"µ{¦¡¥H°e«H¥h¦^ÂÐ±i¶K§G§i¡C
( Ä¶µù: ¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Îªº¬O Slackware Linux¡A
¦b¦w¸Ë®É¤]¦³¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë N¨t¦C¡A
¨º»ò¨t²Î´N·|¦Û°ÊÀ°±z¥¿½T¦w¸Ë¦n INN »P C-News ¡A
±z©Ò¶·­n§@ªº´N¥u¬O¸òµÛ /usr/lib/news/tools.linux¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº 
INSTALL.linuxÀÉ®×©Ò»¡©úªº½Õ¾ã¤@¨Ç³]©wÀÉ¦Ó¤w¡C )

¥»³¹±µ¤U¨Ó±N·|Â²µu¦a´£¤Î news reader ¤¤´X­Ó¸û¨üÅwªï¥B±`¨£ªº³nÅé¡C
¤£­n§A°Ý¡A§Ú¦³«Ü¦h²z¥Ñ¥h¥Î"{\ttfamily nn}"¡C




\subsection{Tin}

Tin ¬O¤@­Ó¬Û·í¾A©ó·s¤â¨Ï¥Îªº¡u°Q½×¦ê¦¡·s»DÅª¨úµ{¦¡¡v¡C
¥¦¥i¤ä´©§R°£ÀÉ®×»P NOV ¦ê¦C¤è¦¡¡C
¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Îªº¬O INN ¡A
¨º»ò Tin ¹w³]¬°Åª¨ú NOV.overlay ªºÀÉ®×¡A
¦Ó¤£¼g¯Á¤ÞÀÉ¡C

¦p±z·Q­n¦b Linux ªºÀô¹Ò¤U½sÃ¶ Tin ¡A
°ò¥»¤W¥u»Ý¦b makefile ¤¤³]©w¨ä³nÅé©Ò¦b¦ì¸m
( ¤×¨ä¬O inews ©Ò¦bªº¦ì¸m ) ¡A
µM«á¿é¤J "make linux" ªº©R¥O§Y¥i¡C 
¹ï©ó¦b Linux ¤U¾Þ§@ªº news ¦Ó¨¥¡A
¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¯S§Oªº¸É¤B½X¡C

¦Ü©ó°Q½×¦ê¦¡ªº¾\Åª¡A
±z¥i¥H¿é¤J "tin -u" ¨Ó update ¯Á¤ÞÀÉ¡C

¬°¤F½T«O¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î NNTP ¨ó©w¨Ó¾\Åª news ¡A
¦b½sÃ¶ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A 
±z¥²¶·³]©w "NNTP\_ABLE"¡A
³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æªº³]©w¦b¨Ï¥Î local host Åª¨úªº±¡ªp¤U·|¥Í¦¨ "tin" ¡F
¦Ó¥H NNTP ¤è¦¡Åª¨ú news ®É¡A«h·|²£¥Í "rtin" ªºÀÉ®×¡C
Áä¤J"tin -r"±N¥i±o¨ì»PÁä¤J"rtin"¬Û¦Pªº¥\¯à¡C

Iain  Lea ¥ý¥Í«ØÄ³¦b  crontab  ¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤Uªº±Ô­z¡A
¨ÃÁä¤J  "make daemon" ¨Ó make "tind" ¡C

\begin{verbatim}
        # thread the database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/tind -u
\end{verbatim}


§Ú´¿¦b SLIP ¨ó©w¤U§â {\ttfamily tin} ·í¦¨ NNTP-based ªº newsreader ¨Ï¥Î¹L¡C
¦pªG±z©Ò­n±µ¤Wªº¨t²Î±µ¨ü¥þ³¡ªº·s»D¸s²Õ®É¡A
«h±z´N¥²¶·ªá«Ü¦h®É¶¡¦bµ¥«Ý¨t²Î¸ü¤J "active"³o­ÓÀÉ®×¡C




\subsection{Trn/Mthreads}

trn ³nÅéªº«e¨­¬O "rn" ¡A
¦Ó¨âªÌ¶¡ªº¤£¦P«h¦b©ó«eªÌ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ°Q½×¦ê¦¡ªº¾\Åª¡C
trn3.2 ©ÎªÌ§ó·sªºª©¥»¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î "mthreads" ¤è¦¡ 
( trn ªº¤º©w ) ©Î¬O NOV ¤è¦¡ ( INN ) ¨Ó°µ¦ê¦C¦¡ªº¾\Åª¡C

·Q­n½sÄ¶¥»³nÅé¡A
¥u»Ý°õ¦æ Configure ¡A
¨Ã±µ¨ü¨ä©Òµû¦ô¹Lªº¤º©w­È¡C
ÁÙ¦³´N¬O§Aªº¨t²Î¤¤¦Ü¤Ö­n¦³ lib4.4.1 ©M bash-1.13 
(²{¦b¦b«Ü¦hªºLinux archive sites¤w¸g¦³beatª©¥»)
¤~¯à¨ÏConfigure ¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ¡C
§A¥i¯à¦P®É»Ý­nbash1.13©Mlibs4.4.1¥H¨Ï±o·sªºConfigure¥i¥H¥¿½Tªº°õ¦æ¡C

¦b sunsite ªº newspak ¥]§t¦³¦b Linux ¤Uµ¹ trn ¥Îªº¥i¥H¤u§@¤§config ÀÉ®×¡C

¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¥h­×§ï trn ªº config.sh ÀÉ®×¨Ã¤£¬OÁo©úªºÁ|°Ê¡A
°£«D»¡¥u¬O¤@¨Ç«D±`³æ¯Â¦p­×§ï¸ô®|¥H²Å¦X§Aªº¤u§@¤§Ãþªº°Ê§@¡C
¦pªG±z·Q³o¼Ë°µªº¸Ü¡A
¤]³Ì¦n¦b°õ¦æ"make depend"¡B
"make"¡B
"make install"
¤§«e¥ý°õ¦æ"Configure -S"¡C

¾¨ºÞ¦b Linux ¤W¥H bash1.12 °õ¦æ "configure" ¥¢±Ñ¡A
¦ý "Configure -S" «o¤u§@ªº«Ü¦n¡A
¦]¦¹¦pªG§A¥H newspak ªº config.sh §@¬°¤@­Ó°_ÂI¡A
¨º§A´N«Ü±µªñ¤F¡C

½sÄ¶¨Ï¥Î NNTP Åª¨úªº trn ¤]¥u¬O·í Configure °Ý§A¬O¤£¬O­n¥h°µ®ÉÂ²³æªº¦^µª"yes"¦Ó¤w¡A
( °²³] Configure ¥i¥H¥¿±`§@°Ê ) ¡C
¥¼¨Óªº·sª©¤]±N·|§â NNTP Åª¨úªº config.sh ¥]§t¶i¨Ó -- 
¤@¦p¦b local host Åª¨úªÌªº config.sh ¡C

§Ú´¿¦b SLIP ¨ó©w¤U§â {\ttfamily trn} ·í¦¨ NNTP-based ªº newsreader ¨Ï¥Î¹L¡C
¦pªG±z©Ò­n±µ¤Wªº¨t²Î±µ¨ü¥þ³¡ªº·s»D¸s²Õ®É¡A
«h±z´N¥²¶·ªá«Ü¦h®É¶¡¦bµ¥«Ý¨t²Î¸ü¤J "active"³o­ÓÀÉ®×¡C

trn ¦³¬Û·í¦hªº©R¥O¦C«ü¥O¥i¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î¡A 
±z¥i¥H»´©ö¦a¦Û¨ä man page ¤¤¨ú±o±z©Ò»Ý­nªº¸ê°T²Ó¸`¡C
¦Ü©ó§Ú«h¨Ï¥Î¥t¤@­Ó¦³¤è«Kªº¤èªk¨Ó³]©wtrn ¡G

\begin{itemize}
\item §â©Ò¦³ªº°Ñ¼Æ³]©w¼g¦b ~/.trnrc
\item °õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O export TRNINIT="~/.trnrc"
\end{itemize}


¦b¥Ø«eªº newspak ¤¤³£·|¦³¤@­Ó .trnrc ÀÉ¥i°µ¬°¨Ò¤l¡A±z¥i¥H°Ñ·Ó¬Ý¬Ý¡C

trn3.2 ¤Î§ó·sªºª©¥»¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î¤ä´©  NOV ©Î mthreads ªº¦ê¦C¾\Åª¤è¦¡¡C
¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ó¤H«ØÄ³³]©w trn ³nÅé¡A
¨Ï¤§¨âºØ®æ¦¡³£¥i¾\Åª (¥i¦b Configure¤¤³]©w ) ¡A
µM«á¦b±Ò°Ê trn ®É¦A¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡A
¨Ò¦p¡G ±z¥i¥H¥Î "trn -Zo"¿ï¾Ü NOV ®æ¦¡¡F
©ÎªÌ "trn -Zt" ¨Ï¥Îmthreads ¡A
¦Ó¥B±z¥i¥H¦b alias ¤¤¼g¤J¤W­z©R¥O¡A
³o·|¨Ï±zªº¨Ï¥Î§ó¤è«K¡C

¬°¤F­n«Ø¥ß¨Ï¥Î   mthreads  ¦ê¦C¦¡¾\Åªªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A  ±z©|¶·¦b  news
crontab ¤¤¿é¤J¥H¤U±Ô­z¡C

\begin{verbatim}
        # thread the trn database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/mthreads all
\end{verbatim}



\subsection{NN}

±z¥i¥H¦b sunsite ¤W¨ú±o³o¤@®M³nÅé¡A
¥B¨ä¤¤¥ç¥]§t¦w¸Ë nn6.4.18 ®É§¹¾ã¥i¨Ï¥Îªº²ÕºAÀÉ (working configure file)¡A
±z¥u»Ý¨ú±o¦¹³nÅé¡A 
¨Ã¦b Linux ¤UÁä¤J  "make"  «K¥i¦Û¦æ½sÃ¶¡A
ÁÙ¦³´N¬O¦¹²ÕºAÀÉ¦bnn6.5b3( nn6.5 ªº beta ª© ) ¥ç¥i¨Ï¥Î¡C

½sÃ¶§¹¦¨«á¡A¶i¦æ¤U¦C¨BÆJ¡G
\begin{itemize}
\item           - °õ¦æ "inst" ©R¥O¥H¦w¸Ë¥þ³¡ªºªF¦è¡C
\item           - ªì©l¤Æ¸ê®Æ®w¡C
\item           - °õ¦æ nnmaster
\end{itemize}


¦³Ãöªº²Ó¸`¡A±z¥²¶·¦A¸ÔÅªÀHnn¦Ó¨Óªº¤å¥óÀÉ¡C
°£¤F±z¥²¶·§ânnmaster³]©w¦bcrontab¤¤°õ¦æ¦Ó¤£¬O·í¦¨¦b­I´º°õ¦æªº¦uÅ@ªÌ(daemon)¥~¡A
¦b Linux ¤¤½sÃ¶¡A
³]©w»P°õ¦æ nn ©M¦b¨ä¥L *nix ¨t²Î¨ÃµL¤£¦P¡C
¦¹¥~¦pªG±z¹Á¸Õ§â nnmaster ª½±µ¥á¨ì­I´º¨Ó°õ¦æ¡A
¨º»ò¥¦¤]µLªk¥¿½Tªº³QÅX°Ê¡C

³]©w nn ªº°õ¦æ¬O¬Û·íÂ²³æªº¡A±z¥u»Ý¦b crontab ¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤U±Ô­z¡G
\begin{verbatim}
        # run nnmaster to collect "nn" stuff
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        25 * * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/nnmaster

        # expire the nn database
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        0  4       * * * /usenet/sw/nn/bin/nnadmin =EYW 

        # stash a copy of the active file for "nngoback" and keep last 7
        0 3 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/back_act 7 
\end{verbatim}


§Ú´¿¸ÕµÛ¦b SLIP ¨ó©w¤U§â {\ttfamily nn} ·í¦¨ NNTP-based ªº newsreader ¨Ï¥Î¹L¡C
¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¹ï {\ttfamily config.h} ÀÉ®×µy°µ­×§ï¤´¬O¥²­nªº¡A
¦Ó±z¥i¥H¦b¸ÓÀÉ®×ªºµù¸Ñ¤å¦r¤¤±o¨ì§ó²Ó¸`ªº¸ê°T¡C
§â nn ·í¦¨  NNTP-based  ªºnewsreader ¨Ï¥Î®É¡A 
nn ·|¦b¤vºÝ (local) °õ¦æ {\ttfamily nnmaster}«O¦³¤@¥÷¦ê¦C¦¡¾\Åªªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A
¦]¦¹¡A¦b¤vºÝ¿ï¾Ü¤å³¹ªº°Ê§@·|¤ñ¨ä¥L³nÅé§Ö³\¦h¡C
( ·íµM¡A¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î modem ¤W silp ¡A¤@¨Ç¦X²zªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤´¬OµL¥iÁ×§Kªº¡C )

·sª©ªº {\ttfamily nn} (6.5.x) ·íµM¤]¤ä´© INN ªº NOV ¸ê®Æ®w®æ¦¡¡A
¥B·í±z¨Ï¥Î¦¹¥\¯à®É¡A
±z´N¥i¥H¤£¥²°õ¦æ {\ttfamily nnmaster} ¤F¡A
§Ú­Ó¤H{\itshape ±j¯P\/}±ÀÂË¨Ï¥Î¦¹¥\¯à¡A
¦]¬°¦p¦¹±z´N¥i¥H¤£¥Î®ö¶O cpu ªº®É¶¡¥h°õ¦æ {\ttfamily nnmaster}
»P¨ú±o¦ê¦C¦¡¾\Åªªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A
¦Ü©ó¯u¥¿ªº news ¤å³¹¦b¦¹¥\¯à¤U«h¬O«D¦P¨Bªº¨ú±o¡C


\subsection{¨ä¥Lªº·s»DÅª¨úµ{¦¡}

¤U¦C¬O¤@¨Ç¥ç¥i¦b Linux ¤U¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý¥¼´£¤Îªº newsreader¡C
\begin{itemize}
\item tass
\item xrn
\item gnus
\end{itemize}





\section{·PÁÂ}



·PÁÂ¥H¤U©Ò¦Cªº¦U¦ì¥ý¥Í­Ì¡A ¥L­Ì´¿¸g´£¨Ñ³\¦hÄ_¶Qªº¸ê°T»P¸gÅç¡A¨ó
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Ed Carp, Steve Robbins, Ian Taylor, Greg Naber, Matt Welsh, Iain Lea, Arjan de
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\subsection{¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b moderated ªººô¸ô·s»D¸s²Õ±i¶K§G§i}

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¥B±z¥i¥H¥Î  Slackware¤¤ªº {\ttfamily pkgtool} ©R¥O¨Ó¦w¸Ë¨Ã³]©w¤§¡C

¥t¤@­Ó¥i¯à©Ê«h¬OÁöµM¦b±zªº¨t²Î¤¤¦¹¤@ newsgroup ¬O©w¦¨¨S¦³ºÞ¨îªÌ(moderator)¡A
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±z¥i¥H¦b¦¬¨ì¥Ñ news.admin °e¹Fªº¤å¥ó¤§«á¡A
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\subsection{¬°¦ó§Ú·|¦³»P permission ¦³Ãöªº°ÝÃD¡H}

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ÀË¬d±zªº permission ¬O§_¥¿½T¡F
ÀË¬d¦b±z¬O§_¦b /etc/passwd ©w¸q¦³¤@­Ó¥s news ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡F
¬O§_¦b /etc/group ¤¤©w¦³¤@­Ó¥s news ªº¸s²Õ¡A
¤W­zªº©w¸q¨Ã¤£¬O Linux ªº¼Ð·Ç±b¸¹¡A
©Ò¥H±z¥²¶·¦Û¦æª`·N¡C

°£¤F /usr/local/lib/news/setnewside ªº uid ¥²¶·¬O root ¥~¡A
©Ò¦³¦b /usr/local/lib/news ¤l¥Ø¿ý¤UÀÉ®×ªº¾Ö¦³ªÌ  (uid) ©M©ÒÄÝ¸sÅé
(gid) ³£¥²¶·¬O news ( §Y news.news) ¡C

±z¥i¥H¥Î¥ô¦ó¼Æ­È§@¬° "news" ªº UID  »P GID¡C

( Ä¶µù: ¦b±z install Slackware ®É¡A 
¨t²Î·|¦Û°ÊÀ°±z¤º©w¤@¨Ç  GID»P UID ¡A
¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¨S¦³¯S®íªº²z¥Ñ¡A
«Ü¤Ö¦³¤J·|¥h­×§ï³o¨Ç¤º©w­È¡C)


\subsection{¬°¦ó§Ú±i¶Kªº§G§i¦b¥»¦a¥i¥H¬Ý±o¨£¡A ¦ý¬O¦b¨äÁý°eªº¤U´å«o¨S¦³¥X²{¡H}

¤]³\¬O¦]¬°±z¥¼¦b cron ¤¤³]©w°õ¦æ newsrun µ{¦¡¡F
¤]³\¦]¬°±z¦Û¦æ¤â°Ê­×§ï¨t²ÎÀÉ®×¡A
¥H­P¨t²Î¶Ã±¼¡F
¤]³\¬O±z¤Ö±¼¤F /usr/spool/news/out.going³o­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý©Î¬O¤°»òªº¡A
©ÎªÌ¦³¥i¯à±z©Ò¨ú±oªº¬O "Performance" ©Î "Cleanup" ª©¥»ªº cnews ¡A
¦Ó¥¦»Ý­n¦b cron ¤¤³]©w°õ¦æ newsrun ¨Ó°µ§å¦¸³B²z¡A
¤À°e news ¦Ü¨ä¥L¯¸¥x¡A
©Î¬O¦b¤wºÝÅã¥Ü¤å¥ó¡C

¤d¸U¤£­n¹Á¸Õ¤â°Ê¥h­×§ï¥[¤J active ÀÉ®×©Î¨t²ÎÀÉ®×¡A
¥¿½Tªº¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î¦b /usr/local/lib/news/bin/maint  
¤Uªº¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¨Ó§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@¡C




\subsection{¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¥i°õ¦æª©¥»¤º¨S¦³ nntp ¡H}

¬°¤F­n¦b Linux ¨t²Î¤U¤ä´© plug-n-play ¡A
¨Ã¥BÁ×§K SLS ªº news ¨t²Î¦]­n¦P®É¨ã¦³ nntp ©M non-nntp
ª©¥»ªº newsreader »P¶Ç¿éµ{¦¡ 
(news transport programs) ¦Ó¾É­P¾ã­Ó¨t²Îªº¹L¤j¡C




\subsection{¦b°µ expire ®É¡A¬°¤°»ò©ú©úÁÙ¦³«Ü¦hªºÀx¦sªÅ¶¡¡A¥i¬O¥¦³ºµM§i¶D§Ú»¡¡uªÅ¶¡¤£¨¬¡v©O¡H}

¦]¬°¨t²ÎÅª¤£¨ì /etc/mtab ÀÉ¡C
°O±o§â¸ÓÀÉªº mode ©w¦¨ 644 ¡C
³oºØ±¡ªp±`·|µo¥Í¦b±z¥Hrootªº¨­¥÷¥h
umount¤@­Ófilesystem®É(umask)¡A
³o­Ó©R¥O·|¾É­PÄÝ©ó root ªºÀÉ®×µLªk³Q¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌÅª¨ú¦Ó²£¥Í¦¹¿ù»~¡C
( Ä¶µù: ²{¦b¥t¤@­Ó³Ì±`µo¥Íªº±¡ªp«h¬O inode ¼Æ¤£¨¬¡A
«ØÄ³ªº¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¬O¦b¬[ºc¨t²Î®É¿ï¾Ü¸û¦hªº inode ¡A
¦p 1024bytes/inode ¡C
¤×¨ä¬O /var/spool/news/tw/bbs®É¡A*sign*)




\subsection{¬°¤°»ò¨C¼Ë³£¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¥¿±`¡A¥i¬O«o¤£¯à±i¶K§G§i©O¡H}

¦n¹³ÂÂª©ªº Linux ¦b¸Ë³] cnews ®É³£«Ü®e©ö¦³¦¹¤@°ÝÃD (blow up) ¡C
¤×¨ä¬O·í±z¦b¤@¸ûÂÂª©ªº  SLS  ¤W¸Ë³]®É¡A
±z¤@©w­nÀË¬d  /bin  ©M/usr/bin ¡A
½T»{±z¥u¦³¤@®M³Ì·sª©ªº news ¡C

¦]¬°¦b 1993 ¦~¤G¤ë "Performance Release" ¥H«eªºª©¥»¡A
±z³£¥²¶·¦bcron ¸Ì¶g´Á©Ê¦a±Ò°Ê newsrun¥H°õ¦æ¬Y¨Çµ{§Ç¡C
¦Ó³o¥¿¬O«Ü¦h¤H±`±`¤£ª¾¹Dªº¡C




\subsection{§Ú¥i¥H±N·sªº news overview( NOV) ©ñ¶i trn/tin/nn ¤º¡A¥H¥N´À¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü¡H}

¬Oªº¡A{\ttfamily trn}, {\ttfamily tin}
¤Î {\ttfamily nn} ªº beta ª©²{¦b³£¤w¸g¤ä´©³o¶µ¥\¯à¤F¡C 

±z¥i¥H§â·sªº news overview(NOV)  ©ñ¤J 
"Performance  Release" "Cleanup Release"ªº cnews ¡A
©Î¬O¨ä¥Lªº·s»DÅª¨úµ{¦¡¡C
§Ú²{¦b¤â¤W¦³ªº nn6.5ªº beta ª©¤]¤ä´© NOV ®æ¦¡¡A
¦Ó¥B¦b Linux ¤U¤]¤u§@ªº«Ü¦n¡A
¥¦²{¦b¥i¥H³Q°õ¦æ¦ÓµL¶·¦A¶] nnmaster ¡C
±z¥i¥H¦b uniwa.uwa.edu.au §ä¨ì³o­Óª©¥»ªº nn ¡C




\subsection{¬°¦ó¨S¦³¥i°õ¦æª©¥»ªº NNTP ¡H}

¦]¬°±z¥²¶·©w¸q³\¦h¦b¤vºÝ¨t²Î©Ò¿W¦³ªº¸ê°T¡A 
¦Ó³o¨Ç³]©w¬OµLªk¦b°õ¦æ®É¥Ñµ{¦¡¦Û°ÊÀ°±z³]©wªº¡C
¦pªG§A­n°µ³oºØ¨Æ¡A
½Ð¥ÎINN¦Ó¤£­n¥ÎCnews ¥[ NNTP¡C




\subsection{¦p¦ó³]©w NNTP¡A¥i¥H¤¹³\³z¹Lºô¸ô¥hÅª©Î±i¶K§G§i¡A¦Ó¦b¥»¦a¤£­nÀx¦s¥ô¦óªº¤å³¹©Î¬O¸ê®Æ®w¡H}

( mdw@sunsite.unc.edu (Matt Welsh) )
\begin{itemize}
\item   1) ¨ú±onntp ªº"reference implementation" ©M rn³nÅé
±z¥i¥H¨ì ftp.uu.net:/networking/news/nntp¤U¨ú±o
nntp.1.5.11.tar.Z
\item   2) ½sÃ¶ nntp ¦p¤U:
«þ¨© common/conf.h.dist ¨ì common/conf.h¡C 

                ­×§ï common/conf.h ¥H³]©w¤U¦C°Ñ¼Æ: 
¥H¤U¬°§Ú©Ò³]©wªº: 

DOMAIN: ¤£©w¸q¥¦(´N¬O±N¨º¦æ§ï¬° {\ttfamily \#undef DOMAIN}).

                REALDOMAIN: ¶·©w¸q¡A¥¦·|§Q¥Îlibraries·j´Mdomain¡C 

SERVER\_FILE: ³]©w¬°©w¸q¦³±z  news ¦øªA¾¹ ( ´N¬O±zÅª©Î¶K news
ªº¨º¤@¥x¥D¾÷ ) ¥D¾÷¦WºÙ (hostname) ªºÀÉ®×¦WºÙ¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Îªº¸ô®|¦W
©MÀÉ®×¦W¬° "/usr/local/lib/news/server" 

PASSFILE: ¦pªG±zªºnews¦øªA¾¹»Ý­n³Q±ÂÅv(¬YºØusername/password)
¤~¯à±i¶K§G§i¡A¨º»ò§â¦¹¶µ°Ñ¼Æ³]¬°§t¦³¸Óusername/password
ªºÀÉ®×¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Îªº¸ô®|¦W©MÀÉ®×¦W¬° "/usr/local/lib/news/nntppass" ¡C

¦pªG±z¨M©w­n§â©Ò¦³ news ¦³ÃöªºÀÉ®×¸m©ó /usr/local/liib/newsªº¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A
±N¨ä¥L»Ý­n©w¨ì¸ô®|¦WºÙªº¦a¤è(ACTIVE\_FILE, NEWSGROUPS\_FILE... etc) 
¥þ©w¦¨ /usr/local/lib/news ¡C ³o¨ä¤¤¦³«Ü¦h¬O³]©wµ¹ NNTP server ¥Îªº 
( «D client) ¡A¦ý¬°¤F¦w¥þ­p¡A §Ú§â¥¦­Ì¥þ³¡§ïÅÜ«ü¦V¥¿½Tªº¦ì¸m¡A±z·í
µM¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤º©wªº¸ô®|¦W¡A¤£¹L­n¥ý½T©w±z¦³¸Ó¹ïÀ³ªº¤l¥Ø¿ý¡C



3) «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥s "usenet" ¡C inews ªº³nÅé·|»Ý­n¥H³o­Ó user¨Ó°õ¦æ¡C
¤£¹L±z¤]¥u»Ý­n³o¤@­Ó userid ¡A±z¤£»Ý­n°tµ¹¸Ó userid ¦p¤l¥Ø¿ý 
(homedirectory) ©Î¬O¨ä¥LªºªF¦è¡C ¦b¦¹¶µ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³±z¥²»Ý§@ªº´N¬O¦b 
/etc/passwd ªºÀÉ®×¤U¥[¤J¤U¦C³o¤@¦æ
\begin{verbatim}
                                usenet:*:13:1::/:
\end{verbatim}

½T©w±zªº userid ¬O°ß¤@ªº ( ¤W­z¬O 13) ¡C group ¥i¥H©w¦¨¬O¨ä¥L
ªºªF¦è¡A¦b³o¸Ì§Ú©w¦¨ "daemon"(gid 1) ¡C

\item   4) «Ø¥ß¤W­zªºSERVER\_FILE¡A¨Ò¦p»¡§Úªºnews¦øªA¾¹¦WºÙ¬° "wonton.tc.cornell.edu"            ¡A           ¨º»ò§Ú´N¥²¶·¦b
/usr/local/lib/news/server ¤¤¥[¤J¤U¦æ:
\begin{verbatim}
                 wonton.tc.cornell.edu
\end{verbatim}
\item   5) «Ø¥ßPASSFILE¡C®æ¦¡¦p¤U:
\begin{verbatim}
                <server name> <username> <password>
\end{verbatim}

¦AÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú¡A¦pªG±zªºnews¦øªA¾¹¦WºÙ¬° shoop.vpizza.com¡A
¦Ó¦b¦¹¾÷¾¹¤W±i¶K§G§i¥²»Ý­n³Q±ÂÅv¬° news(password=floof)¤~¥i¥H¡A
¨º»ò±z´N¥²¶·¦b /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass ¤U¥[¤J:
\begin{verbatim}
                shoop.vpizza.com news floof
\end{verbatim}
\item   6) inews ¬O¥H "usenet" ªº id ¦b°õ¦æªº¡A©Ò¥H¬°¤F¦w¥þÀ³§â news ªº
¥Ø¿ý©M nntppass ÀÉ®×µ¥ªº©Ò¦³ªÌ©w¦¨¬O usenet ¡C
\begin{verbatim}
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news 
        chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/news 
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass 
        chmod 600 /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass 
\end{verbatim}

¦pªG³o¼Ë§@¡A´N¨S¦³¤H¯àÅª¨ì³o¨ÇÀÉ®×¤F¶Ü?¤£!¦bÀÉ®×¤¤ªº±K½X¨Ã¥¼³Q½s±K¡C
\item   7) ¦^¨ì nntp1.5.11 ªº¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡A¤U¹F "make client" ªº©R¥O¡A 
µM«á±z´N¥i¥H±o¨ì NNTP ª©ªº inews¡A³o¬O NNTP client ¤W¥i¨Ï¥Îªº°ß¤@³nÅé¡C

·í§Ú«Ø inews ®É¡A§Úµo²{¨ç¦¡®w¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¿ù»~·|¨Ï±o¦b uname.c
¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡ uname() ·|¤£°±¦a¦Û¤v©I¥s¦Û¤w¡C¦pªG±zµo²{±zªº inews 
¬Ý°_¨Ó¦n¹³·í¾÷¤F¡A¥B±zªº¨t²Î©úÅã¦aÅÜºC¡A¨º»ò±z³Ì¦n½s¿è¤@¤U
uname.c ÀÉ¡A §â uname() §ï¦¨¹³ my\_uname() ¤§Ãþªº¦W¦r¡A 
¨Ã¥B§â inews.c ¤¤©I¥sªº³¡¥÷¤]§ï¦¨ my\_uname() ¡C
¦pªG±z¤]¹J¨ì¦p¼Ëªº°ÝÃD ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±z±H¤@«Ê mail µ¹§Ú (Matt) ¡C
\item   8) ¤U¹F©R¥O "make install\_client" ¡C³o¼Ë¦w¸Ë inews ªºÀÉ®×¨ì±zªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C
¨Ã¥B³sµ²/usr/local/lib/news/inews¨ì /usr/local/bin/inews 

µM«á±zÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¶}©l±i¶K§G§i¤F(¤â°Ê)¡A±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¤U­zªº:
\begin{verbatim}
                $ inews -h << EOF
                Newsgroups: misc.test
                From: me@foo.bar.com
                Subject: Testing
                Reply-To: my-real-address@wherever.edu

                This is a test.
                EOF
\end{verbatim}

¦pªG¦¨¥\¡A inews ·|§â¤å³¹¶K¤W¡C¦Ó¥B±z·|ª¾¹D¡A
¦]¬° misc.testªº test-responders ·|¦^«H¨ì¤W­zªº Reply-To ªº¦ì§}¡C
½Ð¤£­n¦b¨ä¥LªºªO­±¤W±i¶K´ú¸Õªº¤å³¹(¨Ò¦pAmerican On Line)¡C
\end{itemize}


\end{document}
