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\title{CVS-RCS-
(­ì©lµ{¦¡½Xª©¥»±±¨î¨t²Î) HOW-TO ¤å¥ó}
\author{§@ªÌ:Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan)        \onlynameurl{alavoor@yahoo.com}\\ 
Ä¶ªÌ:Cyril Huang
       \onlynameurl{cyril\_huang@yahoo.com}}
\date{v7.0, 20 Feb 2000 Â½Ä¶¤é´Á: 5 April 2000}
\abstract{³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O¤@¥÷ "¹ê»Ú¾Þ§@ªº»¡©ú" ¡A¥H«K©ó¯à¨Ï±z«Ü§Öªº³]©w CVS/RCS ­ì©lµ{¦¡½X±±¨î¨t²Î¡C³o¥÷¤å¥ó¸Ì¤]¦³¤@¨Ç±N CVS ¤W±`¥Îªº²V¦X©R¥O¥]¦¨¥i³]©wªº shell scripts ¡C³o¨Ç scripts ¬° CVS ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­ÓÂ²³æªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­±¡C³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¤º®e¤£¶È¯à¾A¥Î©ó Linux ¨t²Î¤]¾A¥Î©ó¨ä¥L¹³ Unix ªº¨t²Î¡A¨Ò¦pSolaris, HPUX, AIX, SCO, Sinix, BSD, SCO µ¥µ¥¡C}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{Â²¤¶}

­ì©l½X±±¨î¨t²Î¬O¤@­Ó¥²¶·¯àºÞ²z¨º¨Ç¦b³nÅé­p¹ºµo®i®É­ì©l½X©Ò°µªº§ïÅÜ¡C³nÅé¶}µoªÌ»Ý­n¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº­ì©l½X§ïÅÜ¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý¡A
¥H«K©ó¦bµo¥Í°ÝÃD®É¡A¯à°÷°l·¹¨ì¥H«eÃ­©wªºª©¥»¡C
¬JµM­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¹ï©ó¥ô¦óªº³nÅé­p¹º»P¶}µo¡A³£¬Oªá®É¶¡»Pª÷¿ú¤¤³ÌÃöÁäªº³¡¤À¡A©Ò¥Hªá®É¶¡ÂÇ¥Ñ¨Ï¥Î­ì©l½X±±¨î¨t²Î¹³ CVS ©M RCS ¨Ó{\itshape {\bfseries ¦w¥þªº«OÅ@(safe-guarding)}\/}­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¬O«D±`­«­nªº¡C

CVS (Concurrent Version Control System) ¬O¤@­Ó¯àÅý«Ü¦hµ{¦¡¶}µoªÌ¦P®É°µ³nÅé¶}µoªº«D±`±j¤j¤u¨ã¡C¥¦¨Ï¥Î¤FRCS ªºÀÉ®×³W©w®æ¦¡¦ý¦h¤F¤@¼h¹³À³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­±ªº¥]¸Ë¡A¬[¦b RCS ªº¤W¼h¡C

(Ä¶µù: RCS  ¬O¸û¦Ñªºª©¥»±±¨î¡A¤@­Ó¨ü RCS ºÞ¨îªºÀÉ®×¬Ý°_¨Ó¬O³o¼Ë¤lªº proj1.c,v ¡ACVS ªu¥Î¤F¤@¨Ç RCS ªº³W©w¡C)

CVS ¯à°÷¬ö¿ý§AªºÀÉ®×ªº¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý( ³q±`¬O­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A¦ý¬O¨ä¥L«¬ºAªºÀÉ®×«h¤£¤@©w)¡C
CVS ¥u¦s¤F¤£¦Pª©¥»¤¤ÀÉ®×ªº®t²§¡A¦Ó¤£¬O§A©Ò«Ø¥ßªº¨C­Óª©¥»¤¤ªº¨C­ÓÀÉ®×¡C
CVS ¤]«O«ù¤F¤@­Ó¦ó®É¡A¦ó¤H§ó§ïÀÉ®×¡A¬°¤°»ò§ó§ïÀÉ®×µ¥µ¥¤£¦PÆ[ÂIªº¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý¡C

CVS ¹ï©ó³nÅéªºµo¦æ©M¦h¤H¦P®É§ó§ï¥Ø«e­ì©l½XªººÞ²z¬O«D±`ªº¦³À°§U¡C
¥L¨Ã¤£¥u¬O­n¹ï³æ¤@¥Ø¿ý¤UªºÀÉ®×´£¨Ñª©¥»±±¨î¡A
¬Û¤Ïªº¡ACVS §ó´£¨Ñ¤F¦h¼h¦³²ÕÂ´ªº¥Ø¿ýÀÉ®×ªºª©¥»±±¨î¡C
¦b³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U°£¤F§Aªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¥~¡AÁÙ¥]§t¦³¤@­Ó CVS ©Ò«Ø¥ßªº§ïª©±±¨î¥Ø¿ý»PÀÉ®×¡C

³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý»PÀÉ®×³Ì«á³Q¦X¨Ö¦b¤@°_§Î¦¨¤@­Ó³nÅéªºµo¦æ¡C

CVS ¯à³Q¨Ï¥Î¦b "C", "C++", Java, Perl, HTML ©M¨ä¥LÀÉ®×¡C




\section{¨º¤@ºØª©¥»±±¨î¨t²Î¾A¦X§Ú? CVS ©Î RCS}

CVS ¹ê»Ú¤W¬O¬[¦b RCS ¤§¤Wªº¡A CVS ¥u¬O¤@°ï§ó±j¤j¯à±±¨î¤@­Ó¦³§¹¾ã­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¶¥¼h¥Ø¿ýªº¤u¨ã¡C
§Ú­Ì{\itshape {\bfseries «D±`±j¯P}\/}ªº±ÀÂË±z¨Ï¥Î CVS¡A¦]¬°±z¯à°÷«Ü¦³¼u©Êªº¥Î perl , korn bash shell µ¥ scripts »y¨¥³]©w±z¦Û¤vªº CVS ¨t²Î¡C
½Ð¬Ý¤@¨Ç korn shell scripts ªº½d¨Ò \ref{Shell Scripts} {()}¡C

CVS ªºÀuÂI
\begin{itemize}
\item  CVS ¬O«D¶°¤¤¦¡ªººÞ²z¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±qÀx¦sÂd (repository) µn¥X¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¥Ø¿ý¡A
¨Ã¥B¦³¥L¦Û¤vªº¿W¥ßªºÃ­©w¥Ø¿ý¾ð¡C
\item  CVS ¯à°÷¦bµo¦æ¾ã­Ó­p¹ºªº­ì©l¥Ø¿ý¾ð¤¤"»\¤W¦L°O" ("STAMP")¡C
\item  CVS ¯à°÷¨Ï¤j®a¦P®É­×§ïÀÉ®×¡C
\item  CVS ¯à°÷¥Î shell scripts ©Î perl ³]©w¦¨ÀÉ®×Âê¦í¦¨³æ¤@¨Ï¥Î©Î¦P®É­×§ïÀÉ®×¼Ò¦¡¡C
\end{itemize}


CVS ªº¯ÊÂI
\begin{itemize}
\item  »Ý­n¤ñ RCS ¦h¤@ÂIªººÞ²z¡C
\item  «D±`¦¨¼ô½ÆÂøªº¨t²Î¡A¬O¥Ø«eÀ³¥Î¤W¤w¦³ªº³Ì°ª§Þ³N¡C(·PÁÂºô¤Ítsaipaw@mars.seed.net.tw¨Ó«H«üÃÒ§Úªº¿ù»~)
\item  ¦³Â×´Iªº©R¥OÁÙ¦³©R¥O¿ï¶µ¡A¦]¦¹¹ï©óªì¾ÇªÌ¨Ó»¡¦³«Ü°~ªº¾Ç²ß¦±½u¡C
Â²³æ¨Ï¥Îªº shell scripts ¥i¦b³o¸Ì§ä¨ì \ref{Shell Scripts} {()}¡C
\end{itemize}


RCS ªºÀuÂI
\begin{itemize}
\item  RCS «D±`®e©ö³]©w¡C¸û¤Ö¤@¨ÇºÞ²z¤Wªº¤u§@¡C
\item  RCS ¥Î¦b¤@­Ó¨C­Ó¤H¦b¤@°_¤u§@ªº¶°¤¤°Ï°ì¡C
\item  RCS ¹ï©óÂ²³æªº¨t²Î«Ü¦³¥Î¡C
\item  «D±`ÄYÂÔªº³æ¤@ÀÉ®×­×§ï¼Ò¦¡ - ¦P¨B»P¦P®É¬O¤£¤¹³\ªº¡C
\end{itemize}


RCS ªº¯Ê¥¢
\begin{itemize}
\item  ¥Ñ©ó¨Ï¥Î³æ¤@¥Ø¿ý±±¨î»PÀÉ®×Âê¦í¡A¤£¥i¯à¥Ñ«Ü¦hªºµ{¦¡³]­pªÌ°µ¦P®Éªº¶}µo¡C¦]¬°³æ¤@¥Ø¿ý¤U«Ü¦h¤H¹ïÀÉ®×ªº§ïÅÜ¡A·|³y¦¨ make ªº¨Ï¥Î¿ù»~¡C
\item  ¤£¯à¹ï¾ã­Ó³nÅé­p¹ºÂW¤Wµo¦æ(releases)ªº¦L°O¡C
\end{itemize}


³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤]¥]§t¤@¨Ç shell scripts ¥H´£¨ÑÂ²³æªº©R¥O¨Ó§@µn¥X (check-out), µn¿ý (check-in), °e¥æ(commit) ÀÉ®×ªº°Ê§@¡C
½Ð¬Ý¤@¨Ç shell scripts ªº½d¨Ò \ref{Shell Scripts} {()}¡C

¹ï©ó RCS ¦Ó¨¥¡A½Ð¬Ý Linux CD-ROM ¸Ì­±ªºRCS mini-howto¡C
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
cd /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS
ls -l howto-6.0-*.noarch.rpm
rpm -qpl howto-6* | grep -i rcs 
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}

©ÎªÌ¬Ý \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/RCS-HOWTO.html}{}


\section{³]©w CVS \label{Setting up CVS}}

­º¥ý¡A§A»Ý­n¦w¸Ë CVS ®M¥ó¡A¦bRedhat Linux ¤W½Ð¥Î
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
cd /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS
rpm -i rcs*.rpm
rpm -i cvs*.rpm
To see the list of files installed do -
rpm -qpl cvs*.rpm | less
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}

µM«á¥Î j, k, CTRL+f, CTRL+D, CTRL+B, CTRL+U ©Î¤W¤U¥ª¥kÁä, page up/down ÂsÄý¤@¤Uµ²ªG¡C
½Ð¥Î 'man less' ¬d¬Ý less ªº¥Îªk

¦b¨ä¥Lªº unix ¾÷¾¹¤W¡A§A¥i¯à»Ý­n¤U¸ü RCS CVS ªº tar.gz ÀÉ®×¡A
µM«á®Ú¾Ú README, INSTALL ÀÉªº«ü¥Ü¨Ó¦w¸Ë CVS¡C
½Ð¨ì \nameurl{http://www.cyclic.com}{}
©M \nameurl{http://www.loria.fr/~molli/cvs-index.html}{}


\subsection{CVS ªº±M¦³Àô¹ÒÅÜ¼Æ \label{CVS-Env}}

¤U¦CªºÀô¹ÒÅÜ¼Æ»Ý­n¦b /etc/profile ÀÉ¤¤³]©w¡A/etc/profile ¬O¹ï©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¦³®Äªº¤º©w­È³]©wÀÉ¡A
¦pªG¨S¦³³]©w /etc/profile¡A¨º»ò§AÀ³¸Ó¥[³o¨Ç³]©w¨ì§A¦Û¤vªº³]©wÀÉ ~/.bash\_profile ¤º¡C
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
export EDITOR=/bin/vi
export CVSROOT=/home/cvsroot
export CVSREAD=yes
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


«Ø³y¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý¨Ó¦s§A­ì©lµ{¦¡½XªºÀxÂÃÂd (repository) ¨Ã¥Bµ¹¤© unix group »P user Åª¼gªºÅv¤O¡C
(Ä¶µù:³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U±N·|¦³«Ü¦h§A±N¨Óªº­ì©l½X¡C)
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
export CVSROOT=/home/cvsroot
mkdir $CVSROOT
chmod o-rwx $CVSROOT
chmod ug+rwx $CVSROOT
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}

­nªì©l¤Æ§Aªº CVS ¡A¨Ã¥B±q²{¦b¶}©l§â§Aªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¥æµ¹ CVS ºÞ²z¡C½Ð°µ -
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
cvs init

(Ä¶µù¡F³o­Óªì©l¤Æªº°Ê§@¦b©ó«Ø³y¤@­ÓÀxÂÃÂd¡A¬O¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý$CVSROOT/¡C
¦P®É $CVSROOT/CVSROOT ¤]¦b¦¹®É³Q«Ø³y¡A³o­Ó¼Ò²Õ¥Ø¿ý¤U­±¬O±±¨î§ACVSªºadministration files¡A
¸Ì­±ªºÀÉ®×°µ¤@¨Ç­×§ï«á¡A¥i¥H¨ÏCVS§ó±j¤j¦n¥Î¡C
$CVSROOT ¤Uªº¥Ø¿ý¨C­Ó³£¬O module ªº·N«ä¡A¤@­Ó module ¥i¥H´N¬O¤@­Ó±M®×­p¹º¡C
¦ý¤]¥i¯à¬O§A§â¤@­Ó­p¹º©î¦¨«Ü¦h module ¡A¤£¦P module ¥æµ¹¤£¦Pªº team ¥hµo®i¡C)

# ¤@©w­n´«¨ì·Q­n CVS ±±¨îªº­p¹º¥Ø¿ý¤U³á
cd $HOME/my_source_code_dir

# §â¾ã­Ó¥Ø¿ý¯Ç¤JºÞ²z¥Î import ©R¥O
cvs import my_source_code_dir V1_0 R1_0  

(Ä¶µù:¨ä¹ê¬O cd ¨ì§Aªºproject¤U«á¡Acvs import ¼Ò²Õ vendor_tag release_tag¡A
¤£¤@©w­n¬O¥Ø¿ý¦WºÙ my_source_code_dir¡Avendor_tag, release_tag ¥u¬OÃÑ§O¥ÎªºªF¦è¡A
±N¨Ó§A¥i¥H¥Î tag ¨Ó¦s¨ú§A­nªº¯S©wª©¥»
³o­Ó°Ê§@·|¦b¡@$CVSROOT/¡@¤U¶}­Ó" ¼Ò²Õ "ªº¥Ø¿ý¡AµM«á§â my_source_code_dir ¾ã­Ó©ñ¨ì CVS ¤UºÞ²z¡A
$HOME/my_source_code_dir ´N¨S¥Î¤F¡Cimport ªº°Ê§@¬O§â¤w¸g¼g¦nªº¤@°ï code Â\¶i¨Ó¡A
¦pªG±N¨Ó·Q·s¼WÀÉ®×xxxx.c¡A¥²¶·¥ý¼g¦nxxxx.c¡A¦A¥Î cvs add xxxx.c)
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{±q RCS Âà´«¨ì CVS ¨t²Î \label{RCS2CVS}}

­nÂà´«¤w¸g¦s¦bªº RCS ÀÉ®×¨ì CVS ¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î¤U­±ªº script ¡C¨Ã½T©w§A±q§Aªº Linux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë¤F korn shell ®M¥ó pdksh*.rpm¡C



{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

#############################################################
# Program to Migrate the existing source code in RCS to CVS 
#
# Needs the korn shell RPM package  pdksh*.rpm from Linux 
# contrib cdrom
#############################################################

#
# rcs2cvs - convert source tree from RCS to CVS
#

# project to convert
PROJECT='project'

# current RCS root
RCSROOT="$HOME/rcs"

if cd "$RCSROOT/$PROJECT"
then
        cd "$RCSROOT"
else
        echo >&2 "`basename "$0"`: can't change to RCS directory '$RCSROOT/$PROJECT'."
        exit 1
fi

# current CVS root
CVSROOT="$HOME/cvs"

# create new CVS directory for project 'project'
if mkdir "$CVSROOT/$PROJECT"
then
        :
else
        echo >&2 "`basename "$0"`: can't create CVS directory '$CVSROOT/$PROJECT'."
        exit 2
fi

# create CVS project tree from RCS tree
find "$PROJECT" -type d -name RCS -print |
while read RCS
do
        CVS="`dirname "$RCS"`"
        (if cd "$RCS"
        then
#               if find . -type f -name '*,v' -print | cpio -pdmv "$CVSROOT/$CVS"
                if find . -type f -print | cpio -pdmv "$CVSROOT/$CVS"
                then
                        :
                else
                        echo >&2 "`basename "$0"`: can't convert RCS subdirectory '$RCSROOT/$RCS' to CVS subdirectory '$CVSROOT/$CVS'."
                fi
        else
                echo >&2 "`basename "$0"`: can't change to RCS subdirectory '$RCSROOT/$RCS'."
        fi)
done
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}

²{¦b RCS ¤w¸g³Q§ï¦¨ CVS ¨t²Î¤Uªº 'project'. §A¥i¥H¶}©l¥ÎCVS©R¥O¨Ó¦s¨ú
'project' ³o­Ó¼Ò²Õ¤F.


\section{Shell Scripts \label{Shell Scripts}}

¤U­±ªº scripts ¬O°ò¥» CVS ©R¥Oªº¶°¦X¡A¦Ó¥B¬O Korn shell ªº scripts ¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥LÂà¦¨ perl ©ÎªÌ bash¡C§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v­×§ï¦¨§A·Q­nªº¼Ë¤l¡C
³o¨Ç¥u¬O¹B¥Î°ò¥» CVS ©R¥O¦ý¦³¨Ç¯S®íªºªá¼Ë¥[¦b¸Ì­±¡C¨Ò¦p¡A sedit ³o­Ó script ´£¨Ñ¤FÀÉ®×Âê¦íªº¥\¯à¨Ï±o¨ä¥L¤Hª¾¹D¦³¬Y¤H¥¿¦b­×§ï³o­ÓÀÉ®×¡A
·íµM§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î CVS ©R¥O¦Ó¤£¥Î³o¨Ç scripts ¡A³o¨Ç scripts ¥u¬O¦b®i¥Ü CVS ¬O¦h»òªº¦³¼u©Ê¡C

§â³o¨Ç scripts ½Æ»s¨ì /usr/local/bin ¤U¡A¨Ã¥B¦¹¥Ø¿ýÀ³¸Ó¦b§Aªº PATH Àô¹ÒÅÜ¼Æ¤¤¡C
\begin{enumerate}
\item  {\bfseries sget} {[}-r revision\_number{]} $<$file/directory name$>$
­n±q CVS Àò±o¤@­Ó°ßÅªÀÉ®×©Î¾ã­Ó°ßÅª¥Ø¿ý¡A
½Ð«ö \ref{sget} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sedit} {[}-r revision\_number{]} $<$filename$>$
­n­×§ï¤@­Ó¤@­Óµ{¦¡½X®É¡A³o­Ó scripts ·|°µÀÉ®×Âê¦íªº°Ê§@¡A¦]¦¹¨S¦³§O¤H¥i¥Hµn¥X³o­ÓÀÉ®×¤F¡C·íµM§A¥i¥H§ïÅÜ³o­Ó script ¦¨§A·Q­nªº¥\¯à - ¨Ò¦p¤£Âê¦í¡A¥u¥X²{Äµ§i°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬Û¤Ïªº¡A«D±`ÄYÂÔªºÂêÀÉ®×¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sedit} {()}
\item  {\bfseries scommit} {[}-r revision\_number{]} $<$filename$>$
­n¥æ¥X¬Y­Ó§A­×§ïªºÀÉ®×©Î¾ã­Ó¥Ø¿ý¡C 
§â§Aªº§ïÅÜ¥æµ¹ CVS¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{scommit} {()}
\item  {\bfseries supdate}      $<$filename/directory$>$ 
­nÂÇ¥Ñ±q CVS ±o¨ì³Ì·sªºÀÉ®×¨Óupdate ¤@­ÓÀÉ®×©Î¾ã­Ó¥Ø¿ý¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{supdate} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sunlock} {[}-r revision\_number{]} $<$filename$>$
­n§â¦]¬°¥Î sedit «áªºÀÉ®×ÂêÃö±¼¡C³o·|ÄÀ©ñÀÉ®×Âê(Release File Lock)¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sunlock} {()}
\item  {\bfseries slist}        
­n¬Ý¥Ø«e¥¿³Q§A­×§ïªºÀÉ®×¦Cªí¡C
°µ 'ls -l $|$ grep $|$ ...' ©R¥O¡A
½Ð«ö \ref{slist} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sinfo} $<$filename/directory$>$ 
­n±o¨ì¤@­ÓÀÉ®×ªº§ïª©¸ê°T¡C 
½Ð«ö \ref{sinfo} {()}
\item  {\bfseries slog} $<$filename$>$ 
­n±o¨ì¤@­Ó CVS ÀÉ®×§ïª©ªº¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý¡A
½Ð«ö \ref{slog} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sdif} $<$filename$>$
{\bfseries sdif} -r rev1 -r rev2 $<$filename$>$ 
­n±o¨ì§AªºÀÉ®×»P CVS Âd¤l¸ÌªºÀÉ®×¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è¦b­þ¸Ì¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sdif} {()}

ª`·N: sdif ¥u¦³¤@­Ó 'f' ¡A¦]¬°³o¸Ì¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó
unix ©R¥O¥s 'sdiff'¡C



\item  {\bfseries sadd} $<$filename$>$   
­n·s¼W¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¨ì CVS Âd¤l¸Ì¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sadd} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sdelete}      $<$filename$>$ 
­n±q CVS Âd¤l¸Ì²M±¼¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sdelete} {()}
\item  {\bfseries sfreeze}      $<$revision name$>$ $<$directory name$>$
­n­áµ²­ì©l½X (freeze codes) ¡A³o¬O±N­nµo¦æ (release) ¾ã­Ó­ì©l½X¥Ø¿ý¾ð¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{sfreeze} {()}
\item  {\bfseries saddtree} $<$revision name$>$ $<$directory name$>$
­n·s¼W¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý¾ð¨ì CVS ¡C
½Ð«ö \ref{saddtree} {()}
¨Ò¦p : 
\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
        cd $HOME;   
        sfreeze REVISION_1_0  srctree  
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}

³o±N·|­áµ²­ì©l½X¡A¨Ã¶K¤W¤@­Ó¼ÐÅÒ REVISION\_1\_0 ¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó§A´N¥i¥Hµy«á¥Îª©¥»¦W¦rµn¥X¾ã­Ó¥Ø¿ý¾ð¡C

\end{enumerate}


\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
                ******************************************************
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}







\subsection{sget \label{sget}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program sget
# Program to check out the file from CVS read-only

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname [-r revision_number/symbolic_tag_name] <file/directory name> "
        print "The options -r are optional "
        print "For example - "
        print " $cmdname -r 1.1 foo.cpp"
        print " $cmdname foo.cpp "
        print " $cmdname some_directory "
        print "Extract by symbolic revision tag like - "
        print " $cmdname -r REVISION_1 some_directory "
        print " "
        exit
}

# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
while getopts r: ii
do
        case $ii in
        r) FLAG1=$ii; OARG1="$OPTARG";;
        ?) Usage; exit 2;;
        esac
done
shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

#echo FLAG1 = $FLAG1 , OARG1 = $OARG1

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        Usage
fi

bkextn=sget_bak

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

# Check if file already exists....
if [ -f $1 ]; then
        user_perms=" "
        group_perms=" "
        other_perms=" "
        user_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b3-3 `
        group_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b6-6 `
        other_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b9-9 `
        if [ "$user_perms" = "w" -o "$group_perms" = "w"  \
                -o "$other_perms" = "w" ]; then
                print "\nError: The file is writable. Aborting $cmdname ......"
                print "       You should either backup, scommit or delete the file and"
                print "       try $cmdname again\n"
                exit
        fi
fi

cur_dir=`pwd`
#echo $cur_dir

len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
#echo $len

subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `
#echo $subdir

if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        fdname=$1
else
        fdname=$subdir"/"$1
fi

# Move the file
touch $1 2>/dev/null
\mv -f $1 $1.$bkextn

# Create subshell
(
cd $hme
#echo $fdname

# Use -A option to clear all sticky flags
if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        cvs -r checkout -A $fdname
else
        cvs -r checkout -A -$FLAG1 $OARG1 $fdname
fi
)
#pwd

if [ -f $1 ]; then
        print "\nREAD-ONLY copy of the file $fdname obtained."
        print "Done $cmdname"
        #print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <file/directory name> \n"
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sedit \label{sedit}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh
# CVS program sedit
# Program to check out the file from CVS read/write mode with locking

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
#       print "\nUsage: $cmdname [-r revision_number] [-F] <filename>"
#       print "The options -r, -F are optional "
#       print "The option -F is FORCE edit even if file is "
#       print "locked by another developer"

        print "\nUsage: $cmdname [-r revision_number] <filename>"
        print "The options -r are optional "

        print "For example - "
        print " $cmdname -r 1.1 foo.cpp"
        print " $cmdname foo.cpp "
#       print " $cmdname -F foo.cpp "
        print " "
}

# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
#while getopts r:F ii
while getopts r: ii
do
        case $ii in
        r) FLAG1=$ii; OARG1="$OPTARG";;
#       F) FLAG2=$ii; OARG2="$OPTARG";;
        ?) Usage; exit 2;;
        esac
done
shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

#echo FLAG1 = $FLAG1 , OARG1 = $OARG1

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        Usage
        exit
fi

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

bkextn=sedit_bak

cur_dir=`pwd`
#echo $cur_dir

len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
#echo $len

subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `
#echo $subdir

if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        fdname=$1
else
        fdname=$subdir"/"$1
fi

# If file is already checked out by another developer....
cvs_root=` echo $CVSROOT | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$cvs_root" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$CVSROOT is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi
cldir=$CVSROOT/$subdir/Locks
mkdir $cldir 2>/dev/null
rcsfile=$CVSROOT/$subdir/$1,v
#echo $rcsfile

if [ ! -e $rcsfile ]; then
        print "\nError: File $1 does not exist in CVS repository!!\n"
        exit
fi

# Get the tip revision number of the file....
# Use tmpfile as the arg cannot be set inside the sub-shell
tmpfile=$hme/sedit-lock.tmp
\rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        cvs log $fdname | head -6 | grep head: | awk '{print $2}' > $tmpfile 
        )
        OARG1=`cat $tmpfile`
        \rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
fi

lockfile=$cldir/$1-$OARG1
#if [ -e $lockfile -a "$FLAG2" = "" ]; then
if [ -e $lockfile ]; then
        print "\nError: File $1 Revision $OARG1 already locked by another developer !!"
        aa=` ls -l $lockfile | awk '{print "Locking developers unix login name is = " $3}' `
        print $aa
        print "That developer should do scommit OR sunlock to release the lock"
        print " "
#       print "You can also use -F option to force edit the file even if"
#       print "the file is locked by another developer. But you must talk to"
#       print "other developer to work concurrently on this file." 
#       print "For example - this option is useful if you work on a seperate"
#       print "C++ function in the file which does not interfere with other"
#       print "developer."
#       print " "
        exit
fi

# Get read-only copy now....
if [ ! -e $1 ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        cvs -r checkout $fdname 1>/dev/null
        )
fi

# Check if file already exists....
if [ -f $1 ]; then
        user_perms=" "
        group_perms=" "
        other_perms=" "
        user_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b3-3 `
        group_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b6-6 `
        other_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b9-9 `
        if [ "$user_perms" = "w" -o "$group_perms" = "w"  \
                -o "$other_perms" = "w" ]; then
                print "\nError: The file is writable. Aborting $cmdname ......"
                print "       You must backup, scommit or delete file and"
                print "       try $cmdname again\n"
                exit
        fi
        #print "\nNote: The file $1 is read-only."
        #print "Hence I am moving it to $1.$bkextn ....\n"
        \mv -f $1 $1.$bkextn
        chmod 444 $1.$bkextn
elif [ -d $1 ]; then
        print "\nError: $1 is a directory and NOT a file. Aborting $cmdname ....\n"
        exit
fi

# Create subshell
print "\nNow getting the file $1 from CVS repository ...\n"
(
cd $hme
#echo $fdname
# Use -A option to clear the sticky tag and to get 
# the HEAD revision version
if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        cvs -w checkout -A $fdname
else
        cvs -w checkout -A -$FLAG1 $OARG1 $fdname
fi
)

if [ -e $1 ]; then
        touch $lockfile
fi

#pwd

print "\nDone $cmdname"
#print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename> \n"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{scommit \label{scommit}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh
# CVS program scommit
# Program to commit the changes and check in the file into CVS

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname [-r revision_number] <filename>"
        print "The options -r are optional "
        print "For example - "
        print " $cmdname -r 1.1 foo.cpp"
        print " $cmdname foo.cpp "
        print " "
}

# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
while getopts r: ii
do
        case $ii in
        r) FLAG1=$ii; OARG1="$OPTARG";;
        ?) Usage; exit 2;;
        esac
done
shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

#echo FLAG1 = $FLAG1 , OARG1 = $OARG1

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        Usage
        exit 2
fi

if [ -d $1 ]; then
        Usage
        exit 2
fi

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

# Find sub-directory
cur_dir=`pwd`
#echo $cur_dir
len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
#echo $len
subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `
#echo $subdir
if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        fdname=$1
else
        fdname=$subdir"/"$1
fi

# If file is already checked out by another user....
cvs_root=` echo $CVSROOT | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$cvs_root" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$CVSROOT is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi
cldir=$CVSROOT/$subdir/Locks
mkdir $cldir 2>/dev/null

# Get the working revision number of the file....
# Use tmpfile as the arg cannot be set inside the sub-shell
tmpfile=$hme/sedit-lock.tmp
\rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        cvs status $fdname 2>/dev/null | grep "Working revision:" | awk '{print $3}' >$tmpfile
        )
        OARG1=`cat $tmpfile`
        \rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
fi

if [ "$OARG1" = "" ]; then
        print "The file $fdname is NEW, it is not in the CVS repository"
else
        lockfile=$cldir/$1-$OARG1
        if [ -e $lockfile ]; then
                # Check if this revision is owned by you...
                aa=` ls -l $lockfile | awk '{print $3}' `
                userid=`id | cut -d'(' -f2 | cut -d')' -f1 `
                if [ "$aa" != "$userid" ]; then
                        print " "
                        print "The file $fdname is NOT locked by you!!"
                        print "It is locked by unix user name $aa and your login name is $userid"
#                       print "If you are working concurrently with other developer"
#                       print "and you used -F option with sedit."
                        print "You need to wait untill other developer does scommit"
                        print "or sunlock"
                        print "Aborting the $cmdname ...."
                        print " "
                        exit 2
                fi
        else
                if [ -f $CVSROOT/$subdir/$1,v ]; then
                        print "You did not lock the file $fdname with sedit!!"
                        print "Aborting the $cmdname ...."
                        exit 2 
                else
                        print "\nThe file $fdname does not exist in CVS repository yet!!"
                        print "You should have done sadd on $fdname ...."
                fi
        fi
fi

if [ -d $1 ]; then
        Usage
        exit 2
        # Do not allow directory commits for now ...
        #cvs commit
else
        cvs commit $1
        exit_status=$?
fi

if [ $exit_status -eq 0 ]; then
        print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
        #print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename/directory name>\n"
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{supdate \label{supdate}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program supdate
# Program to update the file from CVS read/write mode

cmdname=`basename $0`

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <filename>"
        exit
fi

# Check if file already exists....
if [ $# -gt 0 -a  -f $1 ]; then
        user_perms=" "
        group_perms=" "
        other_perms=" "
        user_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b3-3 `
        group_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b6-6 `
        other_perms=`ls -l $1 | awk '{print $1 }' | cut -b9-9 `
        if [ "$user_perms" = "w" -o "$group_perms" = "w"  \
                -o "$other_perms" = "w" ]; then
                while :
                do
                        print "\n$cmdname will backup your working file "
                        print "$1 to $1.supdate_bak before doing any merges."
                        print "Are you sure you want the merge the changes from"
                        print -n "CVS repository to your working file ? <y/n> [n]: "
                        read ans
                        if [ "$ans" = "y" -o "$ans" = "Y" ]; then
                                if [ -f $1.supdate_bak ]; then
                                        print "\nWarning : File $1.supdate_bak already exists!!"
                                        print "Please examine the file $1.supdate_bak and delete it"
                                        print "and than re-try this $cmdname "
                                        print "Aborting $cmdname ...."
                                        exit
                                else
                                        cp $1 $1.supdate_bak
                                        break
                                fi
                        elif [ "$ans" = "n" -o "$ans" = "N" -o "$ans" = "" -o "$ans" = " " ]; then
                                exit
                        fi
                done
        fi
fi

if [ -d $1 ]; then
        print "\nDirectory update is disabled as cvs update"
        print "merges the changes from repository to your working directory"
        print "So give the filename to update - as shown below: "
        print " Usage: $cmdname <filename>"
        exit
#       cvs update
else
        cvs update $1
fi

print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
#print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename/directory name>\n"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sunlock \label{sunlock}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx.

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh
# CVS program sunlock
# Program to unlock the file to release the lock done by sedit

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname [-r revision_number] <filename>"
        print " The options -r is optional "
        print "For example - "
        print " $cmdname -r 1.1 foo.cpp"
        print " $cmdname foo.cpp "
        print " "
}

# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
while getopts r: ii
do
        case $ii in
        r) FLAG1=$ii; OARG1="$OPTARG";;
        ?) Usage; exit 2;;
        esac
done
shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        Usage
        exit
fi

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

cur_dir=`pwd`
#echo $cur_dir

len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
#echo $len

subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `
#echo $subdir

if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        fdname=$1
else
        fdname=$subdir"/"$1
fi

# If file is already checked out by another user....
cvs_root=` echo $CVSROOT | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$cvs_root" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$CVSROOT is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi
cldir=$CVSROOT/$subdir/Locks
rcsfile=$CVSROOT/$subdir/$1,v
#echo $rcsfile

if [ ! -e $rcsfile ]; then
        print "\nError: File $1 does not exist in CVS repository!!\n"
        exit
fi

# Get the tip revision number of the file....
# Use tmpfile as the arg cannot be set inside the sub-shell
tmpfile=$hme/sedit-lock.tmp
\rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        cvs log $fdname | head -6 | grep head: | awk '{print $2}' > $tmpfile 
        )
        OARG1=`cat $tmpfile`
        \rm -f $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
fi

lockfile=$cldir/$1-$OARG1
#echo lockfile is : $lockfile
if [ ! -e $lockfile ]; then
        print "\nFile $1 revision $OARG1 is NOT locked by anyone"
        print " "
        exit 
fi

ans=""
while :
do
        print "\n\n***************************************************"
        print "WARNING: $cmdname will release lock and enable other"
        print "         developers to edit the file. It is advisable"
        print "         to save your changes with scommit command"
        print "***************************************************"
        print -n "\nAre you sure you want to unlock the file <y/n>? [n]: "
        read ans
        if [ "$ans" = "" -o "$ans" = " " -o "$ans" = "n" -o "$ans" = "N" ]; then
                print "\nAborting $cmdname ...."
                exit
        fi
        if [ "$ans" = "y" -o "$ans" = "Y" ]; then
                print "\n\n\n\n\n "
                print "CAUTION: You may lose all the changes made to file!!"
                print -n "Do you really want to unlock the file <y/n>? [n]: "
                read ans
                if [ "$ans" = "y" -o "$ans" = "Y" ]; then
                        break
                else
                        exit
                fi
        else
                print "\n\nWrong entry. Try again..."
                sleep 1
        fi
done

if [ -e $lockfile ]; then
        \rm -f $lockfile
        print "\nDone $cmdname"
else
        print "\nFile $1 is NOT locked by anyone"
        print " "
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{slist \label{slist}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program slist
# Program to list all edited source files from CVS

#cmdname=`basename $0`

#echo "no of params : " $#
#echo "all args : " $@

recurse_flag=""

if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        dir=.
        recurse_flag=""
else
        dir=$@
        recurse_flag=" -prune "
fi

FOUT=slist_temporary_file.out

\rm -f $FOUT

find $dir  $recurse_flag -type f -exec ls -ltr {} \; \
| grep -v "/CVS/" \
| grep ^\-rw \
| grep -v \\.o \
| grep -v \\.log \
| grep -v \\.out \
| grep -v \\.pid \
| awk '{ if ($NF != "tags") print $0 }' \
| awk '{ if ($NF != "a.out") print $0 }' \
| awk '{ if ($NF != "core") print $0 }' \
| awk '{ print $NF }' > $FOUT

aa=`cat $FOUT`
\rm -f $FOUT

for ii in $aa ; do
        ftype=" "
        ftype=`file $ii | awk '{print $2 }' `

        # find . -type f -exec file {} \;
        # 1)ELF 2)commands 3)[nt]roff, 4)c 5)English  6)executable
        # 7)ascii 8)current 9)empty
        # Binaries are ELF, lib.a are current
        #
        if [ "$ftype" = "ascii" -o "$ftype" = "commands" \
                -o "$ftype" = "[nt]roff," -o "$ftype" = "c" -o "$ftype" = "data" \
                -o "$ftype" = "English" -o "$ftype" = "executable" ]; then
                pcfile=` echo $ii | cut -d'.' -f1`
                pcfile=${pcfile}".pc"
                if [ ! -f $pcfile ]; then
                        ls -l $ii
                else
                        if [ "$ii" = "$pcfile" ]; then
                                ls -l $ii
                        fi
                fi
        fi
done;

#| grep -v ^\-rwx \

#ls -l | grep ^\-rw | grep -v \\.o
#ls -l | grep ^\-rw | grep -v \\.o | awk '{ if ($NF != "tags") print $0 }'
#ls -l | grep ^\-rw | grep -v ^\-rwx | grep -v \\.o |  awk '{ if ($NF != "tags") print $0 }' | awk '{ if ($NF != "core") print $0 }'

#print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
#print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename>\n"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sinfo \label{sinfo}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program sinfo
# Program to get the status of files in working directory

cmdname=`basename $0`

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname [file/directory name] "
        print "For example - "
        print " $cmdname foo.cpp"
        print " $cmdname some_directory "
        print " "
        exit
fi

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

tmpfile=$hme/cvs_sinfo.tmp
rm -f $tmpfile

cur_dir=`pwd`
#echo $cur_dir

len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
#echo $len

subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `
#echo $subdir

if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        fdname=$1
else
        fdname=$subdir"/"$1
fi

# Create subshell
if [ -f $1 ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        clear
        cvs status $fdname 
        )
elif [ -d $1 ]; then
        (
        cd $hme
        clear
        echo "  " >> $tmpfile
        echo "  ****************************************" >> $tmpfile
        echo "        Overall Status of Directory" >> $tmpfile
        echo "  ****************************************" >> $tmpfile
        cvs release $fdname 1>>$tmpfile 2>>$tmpfile << EOF
Y
EOF
        echo "\n   -------------------------------\n" >> $tmpfile

        aa=`cat $tmpfile | grep ^"M " | awk '{print $2}' `
        for ii in $aa 
        do
                jj="(cd $hme; cvs status $subdir/$ii );"
                echo $jj | /bin/sh  \
                        | grep -v Sticky | awk '{if (NF != 0) print $0}' \
                        1>>$tmpfile 2>>$tmpfile 
        done

        cat $tmpfile | grep -v ^? | grep -v "Are you sure you want to release" \
        | less
        rm -f $tmpfile
        )
else
        print "\nArgument $1 if not a file or directory"
        exit
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{slog \label{slog}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program slog
# Program to list history of the file in CVS 

cmdname=`basename $0`

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <filename> \n"
        exit
fi

# Check if file does not exist....
if [ ! -f $1 ]; then
        print "\nError: $1 is NOT a file. Aborting $cmdname ......"
        exit
fi

cvs log $1 | /usr/local/bin/less

print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
#print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename>\n"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sdif \label{sdif}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program sdif
# Program to see difference of the working file with CVS copy

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <filename> "
        print "$cmdname -r<rev1> -r<rev2> <filename> \n"
        exit
}
FLAG1=""
FLAG2=""
OARG1=""
OARG2=""
# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
while getopts r:r: ii
do
        case $ii in
        r) 
                if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
                        FLAG1=$ii; 
                        OARG1="$OPTARG"
                else
                        FLAG2=$ii; 
                        OARG2="$OPTARG"
                fi
                ;;
        ?) Usage; exit 2;;
        esac
done
shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

if [ "$FLAG2" = "" ]; then
        FLAG2=r
        OARG2=HEAD
fi

if [ "$FLAG1" = "" ]; then
        cvs diff -r HEAD $1 | less
else
        cvs diff -$FLAG1 $OARG1 -$FLAG2 $OARG2 $1 | less
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sadd \label{sadd}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# test
# CVS program sadd
# Program to add the file to CVS

cmdname=`basename $0`
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <filename/directory> \n"
        exit
fi

# Check if file exists ....
if [ -f $1 ]; then
        cvs add $1
        exit
fi

if [ ! -d $1 ]; then
        print "\nArgument $1 is not a file and not a directory!"
        print "Usage: $cmdname <filename/directory> \n"
        exit
fi

# Argument is a directory name .....
hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi

cur_dir=`pwd`
len=${#hme}
len=$(($len + 2))
subdir=` echo $cur_dir | cut -b $len-2000 `

if [ "$subdir" = "" ]; then
        if [ -d $CVSROOT/$1 ]; then
                print "\nDirectory $1 already exists in CVSROOT"
                exit
        else
                # You are adding at root directory $CVSROOT
                if [ "$2" = "" -o "$3" = "" ]; then
                        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <directory> <vendor tag> <release tag>"
                        print "For example - "
                        print " $cmdname foo_directory V_1_0 R_1_0"
                        exit
                else
                        (
                        cd $1;
                        cvs import $1 $2 $3
                        )
                fi
        fi
else
        # If current directory exists in CVS...
        if [ -d $CVSROOT/$subdir ]; then
                if [ -d $CVSROOT/$subdir/$1 ]; then
                        print "\nDirectory $1 already in CVS repository!"
                else
                        cvs add $1
                fi
        else
                print "\nSub-directory $subdir does not exist in CVS"
                print "You need to first add $subdir to CVS"
                exit
        fi
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sdelete \label{sdelete}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program sdelete
# Program to delete the file from CVS

cmdname=`basename $0`

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname <filename> \n"
        exit
fi

# Check if file does not exist....
if [ ! -f $1 ]; then
        # Try to get the file from CVS
        sget $1
        if [ ! -f $1 ]; then
                print "\nError: $1 does NOT exist in CVS repository. Aborting $cmdname ......"
                exit
        fi
fi

bkextn=cvs_sdelete_safety_backup
\mv -f $1 $1.$bkextn

cvs remove $1

print "\nsdelete command removes the file from CVS repository"
print "and archives the file in CVS Attic directory. In case"
print "you need this file in future than contact your CVS administrator"
print " "

print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
#print "\nTip (Usage): $cmdname <filename>\n"
\mv -f $1.$bkextn $1
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{sfreeze \label{sfreeze}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

# CVS program sfreeze
# Program to freeze and cut out the release of source tree from CVS

cmdname=`basename $0`

Usage()
{
        print "\nUsage: $cmdname symbolic_tag <directory name> "

        print "\nFor example :- "
        print "   cd \$HOME"
        print "   $cmdname  REVISION_1   mesa"
        print "To see the list of revisons do -"
        print "slog <filename> and see the symbolic name and do -"
        print "cvs history -T"

        print "\nTo create a branch off-shoot from main trunk, use"
        print "the -b and -r options which makes the tag a branch tag. This is"
        print "useful for creating a patch to previously released software"
        print "For example :- "
        print "   cd \$HOME"
        print "   cvs rtag -b -r REVISION_1   REVISION_1_1   mesa"
        print " "

#       print "\nTag info is located at \$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/taginfo,v"
#       print "You can do - cd $HOME; sget CVSROOT"
#       print "to see this file"
        exit
}

# Command getopt will not supported in next major release. 
# Use getopts instead. 
#while getopts r: ii
#do
#       case $ii in
#       r) FLAG1=$ii; OARG1="$OPTARG";;
#       ?) Usage; exit 2;;
#       esac
#done
#shift ` expr $OPTIND - 1 `

#echo FLAG1 = $FLAG1 , OARG1 = $OARG1

if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
        Usage
fi

if [ ! -d $2 ]; then
        print "\nError: Second argument $2 is not a directory!"
        print "       Aborting $cmdname...."
        print " "
        exit
fi

# cvs rtag symbolic_tag <directory name>
cvs rtag $1 $2

print "\nDone $cmdname. $cmdname successful"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\subsection{saddtree \label{saddtree}}

{\bfseries ª`·N : {\itshape Korn shell /bin/ksh ¦b§A±qLinux CD-ROM ¦w¸Ë pdksh*.rpm ®É´N·|²£¥Í\/}}

½Ð§â¥L¦s¦¨¤@¯ë¤å¦rÀÉ¨Ã§ïÅÜ¦s¨úÅv­­ chmod a+rx¡C

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/ksh

################################################################
# Sample Program to checkin a directory tree (let's say SAMP) into CVS
# Note that if SAMP directory is not in CVS than you would use sadd
# command and -
#       cd SAMP; cvs import SAMP V_1_0 R_1_0
# After running this program do -
#       cd $HOME/foo/SAMP
#       cvs import foo/SAMP V1_0 Rev_1_0
################################################################

hme=` echo $HOME | cut -f1 -d' '  `
if [ "$hme" = "" ]; then
        print "\nError: \$HOME is not set!!\n"
        exit
fi
sampdir=$hme/foo/SAMP

check_out_files()
{
        # Now check out the files
        tmp2f=$hme/tmp2.baksamp.sh

        cd $hme
        \rm -rf foo/SAMP
        cvs -w checkout foo/SAMP
        cd $hme/foo
        find SAMP -type f -print > $tmp2f

        cd $hme
        for ii in `cat $tmp2f`
        do
                iidir=`dirname $ii`
                iifile=`basename $ii`
                if [ "$iifile" = "Root" -o "$iifile" = "Repository" -o "$iifile" = "Entries" ]; then
                        continue
                fi
                jjdir=` echo $iidir | cut  -d'/' -f2-1000 `

                cp $hme/foo/SAMP.tobe/$jjdir/$iifile  $hme/foo/$iidir/$iifile
                echo "cp $hme/foo/SAMP.tobe/$jjdir/$iifile  $hme/foo/$iidir/$iifile "

                cvs add  foo/$iidir/$iifile
        done

        print 
        print "================================================"
        print " Now run cvs commit foo/SAMP"
        print " After commit. Do - "
        print "         cd foo; rm -rf SAMP and "
        print " get fresh copy, sget SAMP"
        print " Verify with slog filename.samp to see new revision"
        print "================================================"
        print
}

check_out_files
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}



\section{CVS ªº¨ä¥L¤å¥ó \label{CVS Documentation}}

¦b unix ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤U¡A½Ð¥´ -
\begin{enumerate}
\item  cvs --help
\item  cvs --help-options
\item  cvs --help-commands
\item  cvs -H checkout
\item  cvs -H commit
\item  man cvs
\item  man tkcvs
\item  ºô¯¸ \nameurl{http://www.cyclic.com}{}
\item  ºô¯¸ \nameurl{http://www.loria.fr/~molli/cvs-index.html}{}
\item  (Ä¶µù:©ÎªÌ¦b unix ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤U¥´ info cvs ¤]¥i±o¨ì¤@¼Ëªº°T®§)
\item  (Ä¶µù:³o½g¤]¤£¿ùÂ²³æ©úÁA) \nameurl{http://www.csc.calpoly.edu/~dbutler/tutorials/winter96/cvs/}{}
\end{enumerate}


tkcvs 
\nameurl{http://www.tkcvs.org}{}
¬O CVS ªº Tcl/Tk GUI ¤¶­±¡C³o¸Ì¤]¦³½u¤W¨D§U¡C
\begin{itemize}
\item  cd \$HOME/src/foo.cpp
\item  tkcvs
\item  ¦b foo.cpp ¤WÂI¤@¤U
\item  ¦b 'spectacle Icon' ®ÇÃäªº 'Revision Log Icon' ÂI¤@¤U¡C
\item  ³o±N·|Åã¥Ü¤@­Ó Tree ²ÕÂ´ªº¹Ï¦bµøµ¡¸Ì¡CµM«á¦b¤å¦r '1.3' ¤W¥Î·Æ¹«ªº¥kÁäÂI¤@¤UÁÙ¦³ '1.1' ·Æ¹«ªº¥ªÁäÂI¤@¤U¡AµM«á¦AÂI¤@¤U "Diff" ¡C³o¼Ë±N·|Åã¥Ü¨â­Óµøµ¡¥X¨Ó!!  
\item  ¦b "Next" ¤WÂI¤@¤U±N·|Åã¥Ü§ó¦hª©¥»'1.3' »P '1.1' ªº diffs¡C 
½Ð«ö "Center" ±N¤å¦r¹ï»ô¸m¤¤¡C
(Ä¶µù:³oÃä­ì¤å¦n¹³¦³²æ»~)
\end{itemize}


³o¸Ì¤]¦³ Windows 95 ¥Îªº CVS ³á¡A¥s WinCVS¡C
\nameurl{http://www.wincvs.org}{}
WinCVS ¥i¥H¥Î¦b Samba ¨t²Î¤W³á - \nameurl{http://www.samba.org}{}

°ò¥»­«­nªº©R¥O -
\begin{itemize}
\item  cvs checkout $<$filename $>$
\item  cvs update $<$filename$>$
\item  cvs add $<$file, ..$>$
\item  cvs remove $<$file, ..$>$
\item  cvs commit $<$file$>$
\item  cvs status $<$filename$>$
\item  cvs log $<$filename$>$
\item  cvs diff -r1.4 -r1.5 $<$filename$>$  
³o¦æ«ü¥O±N·|¿é¥XÀÉ®× filename 1.4 ª©©M 1.5 ª©ªº®t²§¦b­þ¸Ì¡C
\end{itemize}



\section{Emacs ½s¿è¾¹ \label{Emacs}}

Emacs ¬O«D±`±j¤jªº½s¿è¾¹¦Ó¥BÁÙ¤ä´©¤F CVS/RCS - ¤×¨ä¬O¹ï©ó§ïª©«áªº¦X¨Ö©M¤ñ¸û¡C Emacsªº¥D­nºô¯¸¦b \nameurl{http://www.emacs.org}{}.


\section{°ÝÃD¤ÏÀ³¨t²Î (Problem Reporting System) \label{PRS}}

¦ñÀHµÛ CVS ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A§A¥i¯à·|·Q­n¥Î­p¹º°lÂÜ¨t²Î(Project Tracking system)©Î°ÝÃD¤ÏÀ³¨t²Î(Problem Reporting System)¡C¨C¤@­Ó³nÅé­p¹º»Ý­n°ÝÃD¤ÏÀ³¨t²Î¨Ó§@ bugs ªº¦^³ø»P°lÂÜ¡A¨Ã¥B§â¬ÛÃö­t³d³¡¤À¡A¤À°tµ¹¤£¦Pªºµ{¦¡³]­p®v¡C

·Qª¾¹D­p¹º°lÂÜ¨t²Î(Project Tracking system)½Ð¬Ý³o­Óºô¯¸ \nameurl{http://www.stonekeep.com}{}¡C


\section{³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¨ä¥LÀÉ®×®æ¦¡}

³o¥÷¤å¥ó¥Î¤F±Nªñ 10 ­Ó¤£¦PªºÀÉ®×®æ¦¡¨Óµo¦æ - DVI, Postscript, Latex, LyX, GNU-info, HTML, RTF(Rich Text Format), Plain-text, Unix man pages and SGML¡C
\begin{itemize}
\item §A¥i¥H¦b¤U­±ªº Web Àò±o³æ¤@ªº HTML, DVI, Postscript or SGML «¬¦¡ªº tar.gz ÀÉ®×¡A
\nameurl{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/}{}
©ÎªÌ 
\nameurl{ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/}{}
\item Plain text ®æ¦¡ªº¦b: \nameurl{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO}{}¡A
©ÎªÌ 
\nameurl{ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO}{}
\item Â½Ä¶¦¨¨ä¥L°ê®a»y¨¥¹³¬Oªk¤å¡A¼w¤å¡A¦è¯Z¤ú¤å¡A¤¤¤å¡A¤é¤åµ¥µ¥¥i¦b¤U­±ºô§}§ä±o¨ì¡C
\nameurl{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO}{}
©ÎªÌ \nameurl{ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO}{}
¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó·QÂ½Ä¶³o¥÷¤å¥ó¨ì¨ä¥L»y¨¥¬O³£Åwªïªº¡C
\end{itemize}

³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O¥Î¤@ºØ¥s "SGML" ªº¤u¨ã¼g¦¨ªº¡C§A¥i¥H±q¤U¦Cºô§}±o¨ì - 
\nameurl{http://www.xs4all.nl/~cg/sgmltools/}{}
½sÄ¶­ì©l½X«á¡A§A´N·|±o¨ì¤U¦C©R¥O¡A¹³¬O
\begin{itemize}
\item sgml2html cvs-rcs-howto.sgml     (²£¥Í html ÀÉ®×)
\item sgml2rtf  cvs-rcs-howto.sgml     (²£¥Í RTF ÀÉ®×)
\item sgml2latex cvs-rcs-howto.sgml    (²£¥Í latex ÀÉ®×)
\end{itemize}


³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O¦ì©ó -
\begin{itemize}
\item  \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html}{}
\end{itemize}


§A¤]¥i¥H¦b¤U­±¬M®gºô¯¸§ä¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥ó -
\begin{itemize}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.caldera.com/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html}{}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.WGS.com/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html}{}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.cc.gatech.edu/linux/LDP/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html}{}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/ldp/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html}{}
\item  ¨ä¥L¤ñ¸û¾aªñ§Aªº¬M®gºô¯¸
\nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/hmirrors.html}{}
¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@­Óºô¯¸¨Ã¨ì³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý /LDP/HOWTO/CVS-RCS-HOWTO.html
\end{itemize}


·Q¬Ý dvi ®æ¦¡ªº¤å¥ó¡A½Ð¥Î xdvi ¡C­Y­ì¥»¨S¦w¸Ë¡A¥i¦b Redhat Linux ¤Uªº tetex-xdvi*.rpm ®M¥ó¤¤§ä±o¨ì¡C­n¤£µM¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ®à­±¤WªºControlPanel $|$ Applications $|$ Publishing $|$ TeX menu buttons§ä¨ì¥L¡C
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\begin{verbatim}
        ·Q¬Ý dvi ®æ¦¡ªº¤å¥ó¡A½Ð¤U©R¥O -
                xdvi -geometry 80x90 howto.dvi¡A
        ¨Ã¥B¥Î·Æ¹«½Õ¾ãµøµ¡¤j¤p¡C½Ð¬Ý xdvi ªº½u¤W¨D§U man xdvi¡C
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        ­nÃö±¼±M®a¼Ò¦¡ menu ½Ð«ö x ¡C
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

§A¥i¥H¥Î³nÅé 'gv' (ghostview) ©Î 'ghostscript' ¨ÓÅª postscript ÀÉ®×¡C

¦b Redhat Linux ¤U¡Aghostscript ¦b ghostscript*.rpm ®M¥ó¸Ì¡A gv ¦b gv*.rpm ®M¥ó¸Ì¡A
¦pªG§A¤w¸g¸Ë¤F³o­ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥i¥H³z¹L ControlPanel $|$ Applications $|$ Graphics menu ¸Ì§ä¨ì¡A
gv ¬O¤ñ ghostscript §ó¤Íµ½¨Ï¥Î¡CGhostscript ©M gv ¤]¥i¥H¦b¨ä¥L§@·~¥­¥x¦p OS/2, windows 95 ©M NT ¤U¨Ï¥Î¡C
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
        ­nÅª postscript ¤å¥ó¡A½Ð¤U³o­Ó©R¥O -
                gv howto.ps

        ¥Î ghostscript ½Ð¥´ -
                ghostscript howto.ps
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


§A¥i¥H¥Î Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet explorer, Redhat Baron Web browser ©Î¨ä¥LÂsÄý¾¹¨ÓÅª HTML ®æ¦¡ªº¤å¥ó¡C

§A¥i¥H¥Î¤@­Ó latex ªº "X-Windows" ¤¶­±³nÅé¥s°µ LyX ªº¡A¨ÓÅª latex ©Î LyX ªº¿é¥X¡C


\section{ª©Åv}

³o¥÷¤å¥óª©Åv¬° GNU GPL¡A¦ý¬O½Ð¦b©Ò¦³ªº½Æ»s¤¤«O¯d­ì§@ªÌªº¦W¦r»P¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦a§}¡C

\end{document}
