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\title{Linux ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³ÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦¸Å¹Û}
\author{×÷Õß: Daniel L¡õez Ridruejo, {\ttfamily ridruejo@esi.us.es}
ÒëÕß: ½¯´óÎ°£¬ {\ttfamily dawei@sinica.edu.tw}}
\date{v0.2, 10 July 1998
·­ÒëÈÕÆÚ: 1 Aug. - 14  Sep. 1998 ÐÞÕýÈÕÆÚ: 5  Nov. 1998}
\abstract{±¾ÎÄÖ÷ÒªÔÚÕë¶Ô Linux ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦Ìá³öÒ»¸ö¸Å¹ÛµÄËµÃ÷,
Í¬Ê±Ìá¹©¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊÁÏÓëÊµ×÷Ï¸½ÚµÄÖ¸Òý¡£}


\begin{document}
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\section{½éÉÜ}

±¾ÎÄÖ÷ÒªÔÚÕë¶Ô Linux ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦Ìá³öÒ»¸ö¸Å¹ÛµÄËµÃ÷¡£
ËäËµÊ¹ÓÃ Linux µÄºÃ´¦ÊÇ, ËÆºõ¸÷ÖÖÁìÓò¶¼ÓÐ·á¸»µÄ×ÊÁÏÀ´Ô´, 
µ«ÊÇ´ó¶àÆ«ÖØÔÚÊµ×÷·½Ãæ¡£
¶Ô´ó¶àÊýµÄ Linux ÐÂÊÖ¶øÑÔ, ÌØ±ðÊÇÄÇÐ©´Ó Windows »·¾³¹ýÀ´µÄÈË, ËÆºõÄÑÒÔÏû»¯ÎüÊÕ,
ÒòÎªËûÃÇÁ¬ Linux ÓÐÊ²÷áÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦¶¼»¹²»ÖªµÀ¡£±¾ÎÄÖ÷ÒªÊÇÏò¸÷Î»Õ¹Ê¾, 
¼òÊöÃ¿ÏîÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ, ²¢ÇÒ¸øÓè¸÷Î»¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊÁÏÖ¸Òý¡£
ÕâÐ©×ÊÁÏµÄÊÕ¼¯À´×ÔÐí¶à·½Ãæ: 
how-tos, faqs, ¸÷¼Æ»®µÄÍøÒ³, ÒÔ¼°ÎÒ¸öÈËµÄ¾­Ñé¡£
ÎÒÒª½«Íê³É±¾ÎÄµÄ¹¦ÀÍÈ«²¿¹éÓèÒÔÉÏµÄ×÷Õß¡£Ã»ÓÐËûÃÇÒÔ¼°ËûÃÇËù×«Ð´µÄÎÄ¼þ, 
¾ÍÃ»ÓÐ±¾ÎÄ´æÔÚµÄ¿ÉÄÜ»òÐèÒª¡£




\section{Linux ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³}




\subsection{Linux ÊÇÊ²÷á?}

Linux Ö÷ÒªµÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Linus Torvalds¡£×Ô´ÓÆäÔ­×÷µÄ°æ±¾·¢±íÒÔÀ´, 
Æù½ñ Linux ÒÑ¾­±»²»¼ÆÆäÊýµÄÈË¸ÄÁ¼¹ý¡£
ËûÊÇ¸ö UNIX ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄ¸´ÖÆÆ· (clone), ÍêÈ«ÊÇ¶«Æ´Î÷´ÕÐ´³ÉµÄ¡£
Linux ×îÁîÈË¸Ðµ½ÐËÈ¤µÄÊÂÇé, ¾ÍÊÇËûµÄ¿ª·¢ÔÚÊÀ½ç¸÷µØÍ¬Ê±½øÐÐÖø¡£

Linux µÄ°æÈ¨ÊÜµ½ GNU Ò»°ãÊÚÈ¨Ðí¿É (GPL) ÎÄ¼þµÄ±£»¤¡£  
Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÊÇÓÉ¿ª·ÅÈíÌå»ù½ð»á (FSF) ËùÌá³ö, Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓÃÀ´·ÀÖ¹ÓÐÐÄÈËÊ¿×è°­ÈíÌåµÄÉ¢²¼¡£
¼ò¶øÑÔÖ®, ¾ÍÊÇËµËäÈ»ÈíÌåµÄ¿½±´ (copy) ¿ÉÒÔ×ÃÊÕ·ÑÓÃ, 
µ«ÊÇÊÕµ½Õâ·Ý¿½±´µÄÈË, ²»ÄÜ×è°­¸ÃÈíÌåµÄ¿ª·Å¡£ÕâÒ²ÒâÎ¶Öø¸ÃÈíÌåµÄÔ­Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÒ²±ØÐë¿ª·Å¡£ 
ÕâÑù×ö¶ÔÉè¼Æ³ÌÊ½µÄÈË¶øÑÔÊÇÓÐÒæµÄ¡£ÈÎºÎÈË¿ÉÒÔÀ´ÐÞ¸Ä Linux ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔÉ¢²¼Ëû/ËýËù×öµÄÐÞ¸Ä, 
¶øÇÒÔÊÐíËûÃÇ½«ÐÞ¸ÄµÄ³ÌÊ½Âë·ÅÔÚÏàÍ¬µÄ°æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷Ö®ÏÂ¡£




\subsection{ÊÇÊ²÷áÈÃ Linux ÓëÖÚ²»Í¬µÄÄØ?}

ÎªÊ²÷áÒªÊ¹ÓÃ Linux? Linux Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ±ÈÆäËûµÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³±ãÒË (ÆðÂë²»»áÌ«¹ó)
¶øÇÒÒ²½ÏÐí¶àµÄÉÌÒµÏµÍ³ÉÙ³öÏÖÎÊÌâ¡£ÄÇµ½µ×ÊÇÊ²÷áÈÃ Linux  ÓëÖÚ²»Í¬µÄÄØ? 
µ±È»²»Ö»ÊÇÒòÎªËûµÄ¼Û¸ñ 
(±Ï¾¹, ²»»áÓÐÈÎºÎÈË»áÏëÒªÓÃÒ»¸ö²»¹»ºÃµÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³, ¾ÍËãËûÊÇÃâÇ®µÄ) 
¶ø¹Ø¼üÊÇÔÚËû°ÁÈËµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item Linux ÊÇ¸öÕæÕý 32-Î»ÔªµÄ¶à¹¤×÷ÒµÏµÍ³, ËûµÄÎÈ¹ÌÐÔÓëÄÜÁ¦×ãÒÔÓ¦ÓÃÔÚ´óÑ§ÉõÖÁ´óÐÍ¹«Ë¾¡£
\item Ëû¿ÉÒÔÔÚµÍ½×µÄ 386 Æ½Ì¨ÉÏÔË×÷, ÉõÖÁÑÐ¾¿ÖÐÐÄ¾Þ´óµÄ³¬¼¶Æ½ÐÐÔËËã (ultra-parallel) »úÆ÷Ò²ÓÐËûµÄ×Ù¼£¡£  
\item ËûÒÑ¾­³¬ºõÆ½Ì¨µÄ¾³½çÖ®Íâ Intel/Sparc/Alpha µÈ¼Ü¹¹¶¼ÓÐ¿ÉÓÃµÄ°æ±¾,
¶øÇÒÊµÑéÐÔµÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÖ§Ô®µ½ Power PC ÒÔ¼°ÄÚÇ¶ (embedded) ÔÚÆäËûµÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³ÖÐ 
(SGI, Ultra Sparc, AP1000+, Strong ARM, MIPS R3000/R4000...)
\item ×îáá, µ±Ëµµ½ÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦µÄÊ±ºò, Linux ¾ÍÊÇ¸ö²»´íµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£
²»½öÊÇÒòÎªÍøÂ·Óë×÷ÒµÏµÍ³±»½ôÃÜµØÕûºÏÔÚÒ»Æð, Í¬Ê±ÓÐÌ«¶àµÄÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓÉÈ¡µÃ,
µ«ÊÇ³ÁÖØ¸ººÉÏÂÏµÍ³µÄÎÈ¹ÌÐÔ, Ö»ÄÜÔÚ¿ª·ÅÈíÌå¼Æ»®ÏÂ¾­¹ý¶àÄêµÄ³ý´íÓë²âÊÔ, ·½ÄÜ´ï³É¡£
\end{itemize}





\section{ÍøÂ·Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}



Linux Ö§Ô®Ðí¶à²»Í¬µÄÍøÂ·Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨:




\subsection{TCP/IP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¶Ñµþ}

Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÔÚ¶þÊ®ÄêÇ°Ô­ÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ú·À²¿ (DoD) ·¢Õ¹³öÀ´µÄ,
Ä¿µÄÖ»ÊÇÓÃÔÚ²»Í¬³§ÅÆµçÄÔÖ®¼äµÄ»¥Á¬¡£TCP/IP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¶Ñµþ, ²ÉÓÃ½×²ãÊ½µÄ½á¹¹,
ÒÔ±ã½«Ó¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½ÓëÍøÂ·Ó²Ìå¸ôÀë¿ªÀ´¡£

ËäÈ»ËûµÄÉè¼ÆÀíÄîÊÇ»ùì¶½×²ãÊ½µÄÄ£ÐÍ, µ«ÊÇËûµÄÖØµã·ÅÔÚÌá¹©»¥Á¬ÐÔ, ¶ø²»Ö»ÊÇËÀ°åµØ×ñÑ­²ã¼¶¹¦ÄÜ¡£
Õâ¾ÍÊÇÎªÊ²÷á TCP/IP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¶Ñµþ, »á³ÉÎªÒ»¸öÍøÂ·»¥Á¬Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄ·Ç¹Ù·½ (de facto) ±ê×¼, 
¶øÓë OSI ¹ú¼Ê±ê×¼Ïà¿¹ºâ¡£

Linux ´ÓÒ»¿ªÊ¼¾ÍÒÑ¾­Ìá¹© TCP/IP µÄÍøÂ·ÄÜÁ¦¡£
ËäËµÊÇ¶«Æ´Î÷´ÕÐ´³ÉµÄ, µ«ÊÇÈ´ÊÇÒ»¸öÎÈ¹Ì, ¿ìËÙ, ºÍ¿É¿¿µÄÈíÌåÊµ×÷, 
Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇ Linux ³É¹¦µÄ¹Ø¼üÒòËØÖ®Ò»¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-to Çë²Î¿¼: 
\onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NET-3-HOWTO.html}




\subsection{TCP/IP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÚ 6 °æ±¾}

IPv6, ÓÐÊ±Ò²±»Ð´³É IPng (ÏÂÒ»´úÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨)
ÊÇ IPv4 Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄÉý¼¶°æ±¾, ÓÃÀ´½â¾ö¶¨Ö·ÉÏµÄÐí¶àÎÊÌâ¡£
ÕâÐ©ÎÊÌâ°üÀ¨: ¿ÉÓÃµÄ IP Î»Ö·²»×ã,
È±·¦´¦Àí¼´Ê±ÐÔ×ÊÁÏÁ÷µÄ»úÖÆ,
È±·¦ÍøÂ·²ã¼¶µÄ°²È«¿ØÖÆ, ..µÈµÈ¡£

ÆäÊµÀ©³ä¶¨Ö··¨Ö®áá, ¾ÍÄÜÔö¼Ó IP ¶¨Ö·µÄ¿Õ¼ä (Òë×¢: IPv6 µÄÎ»Ö·³¤¶ÈÊÇ IPv4 µÄËÄ±¶), 
Í¬Ê±¶ÔÂ·ÓÉÑ¡ÔñµÄÐ§ÂÊ¶øÑÔÓÐÖø¼«´óµÄÓ°Ïì¡£ 

(Òë×¢: IPv4 ²ÉÓÃµÄÊÇ·Ö¼¶Ê½¶¨Ö··¨, ÒÀÍøÂ·µÄ´óÐ¡¹æÄ£·Ö¼¶³É class A, B, C Ã»ÓÐµ¯ÐÔ, 
Ôì³ÉÂ·ÓÉ±íµÄ±¬Ôö; ¶ø IPv6 ²ÉÓÃµÄÊÇ·ÖÀàÊ½¶¨Ö··¨, ½öÇø·ÖÊ¹ÓÃÀàÐÍµÄ¡õÎ§,
ÆäâÅÒÀÊµ¼ÊÐèÒªÒÔ CIDR ·½Ê½·ÖÅä, ÈÃÎ»Ö·¿Õ¼äµÃµ½¸üÓÐÐ§ÂÊµÄ·ÖÅä, ²¢ÄÜ¼õ»ºÂ·ÓÉ±íµÄ³É³¤¡£)

Linux ÒÑ¾­ÓÐ beta °æ±¾µÄ IPv6 Êµ×÷, ÖÁì¶ÕýÊ½µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÄÜÒªµÈµ½ 2.2.0 °æ±¾µÄ Linux ºËÐÄ·¢±í¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item Linux IPv6 How-to Çë²Î¿¼: \onlynameurl{http://www.terra.net/ipv6/linux-ipv6.faq.htm}
\item IPv6 ÍøÒ³ÆðµãÇë²Î¿¼: \onlynameurl{http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-main.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{IPX/SPX Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

IPX/SPX (Íø¼ÊÍøÂ··â°ü½»»»/Ñ­Ðò·â°ü½»»») 
ÊÇÓÉ Novell ¹«Ë¾ÒÔ"È«Â¼ (Xerox) ÍøÂ·ÏµÍ³"(XNS)Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÎªÀ¶±¾, ·¢Õ¹³öÀ´µÄ×¨ÊôÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¡£
IPX/SPX Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÔÚ 1980 Äê´ú³õÆÚºÜÓÐÃû, ³ÉÎª Novell ¹«Ë¾ NetWare ²úÆ·µÄ´úÃû´Ê¡£
NetWare ³ÉÎªµÚÒ»´úÇøÓòÍøÂ·, ÍøÂ·×÷ÒµÏµÍ³ (NOS) µÄ·Ç¹Ù·½±ê×¼¡£
Novell ¹«Ë¾Í¬Ê±Ò²ÎªËûÃÇµÄÍøÂ·×÷ÒµÏµÍ³, ¼ÓÉÏÉÌÒµÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½Ì×¼þÓëÓÃ»§¶ËÍøÂ·Á¬½Ó¹¤¾ß¡£

Linux ¶Ô IPX/SPX Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÓÐ·Ç³£ÍêÕûµÄÊµ×÷,
Ê¹µÃËûÄÜ¹»±»Éè¶¨³É:
\begin{itemize}
\item  IPX Â·ÓÉÆ÷ (router)
\item  IPX ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (bridge)
\item  NCP ÓÃ»§¶Ë ÇÒ/»ò NCP ËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë (µµ°¸¹²Ïí)
\item  Novell ÁÐÓ¡ÓÃ»§¶Ë, Novell ÁÐÓ¡ËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë
\end{itemize}

ÒÔ¼°È¥:
\begin{itemize}
\item  ¿ªÆô PPP/IPX Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, ÈÃ Linux ³ÉÎªÒ»¸ö PPP µÄËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë/ÓÃ»§¶Ë
\item  ½åÓÉ IP ËíµÀ (tunnel) , ÈÃ¶þ¸öÅÜ IPX Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄÍøÂ·, ÄÜ¹»Í¸¹ýÎ¨Ò»µÄ 
IP Â·¾¶Á¬Í¨¡£
\end{itemize}


ÁíÍâ, \nameurl{http://www.caldera.com}{Caldera} ¹«Ë¾¶ÔÔÚ Linux 
Ö®ÏÂÅÜ Novell Netware ÍøÂ·×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄÈËÓÐÉÌÒµÐÔÖÊµÄÖ§Ô®¡£Caldera ´Ó Novell 
¹«Ë¾È¡µÃ¼¼ÊõÊÚÈ¨Ðí¿É, ¿ÉÒÔÌá¹©´ó¼ÒÈ«¹¦ÄÜµÄ Novell NetWare ÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½¡£
Õâ¸öÓÃ»§¶Ë³Ì³ÌÊ½ÄÜ¹»ÍêÈ«µØ´æÈ¡ Novell 3.x ºÍ 4.x µÄµµ°¸ËÅ·þÆ÷, ²¢ÇÒ»¹°üº¬ÁË 
"NetWare Ä¿Â¼·þÎñ" (NDS) ÒÔ¼° RSA ¼ÓÃÜµÈÌØÐÔ¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item IPX How-to Çë²Î¿¼: 
\onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{AppleTalk Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¶Ñµþ}

Appletalk ¾ÍÊÇ"Æ»¹ûÅÆµçÄÔ"ÍøÂ·»¥Á¬Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÈºµÄ´úÃû´Ê¡£
Ëû²ÉÓÃ¶Ëµã-¶Ô-¶Ëµã, ¶ÔµÈÊ½µÄÍøÂ·Ä£ÐÍ, ²¢Ìá¹©»ù±¾µÄÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜ, ÀýÈçµµ°¸¼°Ó¡±í»úµÄ¹²Ïí¡£
Ã¿²¿»úÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÍ¬Ê±³ÉÎªÓÃ»§¶ËÓëËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë, µ«ÊÇÃ¿²¿"Æ»¹ûÅÆµçÄÔ"¶¼µÃ×°ÉÏ±ØÐèµÄÈíÓ²Ìå²ÅÐÐ¡£

Linux Ìá¹©ÓÐÈ«¹¦ÄÜµÄ Appletalk ÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜ¡£ 
Netatalk ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öºËÐÄ²ã´ÎµÄ AppleTalk Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¶ÑµþÊµ×÷, »ù±¾ÉÏËûÊÇÓÉ BSD 
°æ±¾ÑÜÉú³öÀ´µÄÏµÍ³¡£ ËûÄÜÖ§Ô® AppleTalk µÄÂ·ÓÉÑ¡Ôñ, Í¸¹ý AFP (AppleShare)
Ìá¹© Unix ºÍ AFS µµ°¸ÏµÍ³µÄ·þÎñ, Ìá¹© Unix Ó¡±í»ú·þÎñ, ÒÔ¼°Í¸¹ý"Ó¡±í»ú´æÈ¡Ð­¶¨"
(PAP)´æÈ¡ AppleTalk Ó¡±í»ú¡£

Çë²Î¿¼ 5.1 ½ÚÓÐ¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊÁÏÖ¸Òý¡£




\subsection{¹ãÓòÍøÂ· (WAN) Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ : X.25, Frame-relay, .. µÈµÈ}

Ðí¶àµÚÈýÐ­Á¦³§ÉÌÌá¹© Linux Ê¹ÓÃÖ® T-1, T-3, X.25 ÒÔ¼° Frame Relay µÈ²úÆ·¡£
Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ, ÕâÀàµÄÁ¬ÏßÐèÒªÌØ±ðµÄÓ²Ìå¡£³§ÉÌ³ýÁËÌá¹©Ó²ÌåÖ®Íâ, 
Ò²»áÌá¹©Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½µÄÖ§Ô®¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item Linux µÄ¹ãÓòÍøÂ· (WAN) ×ÊÔ´Çë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³: 
\onlynameurl{http://www.secretagent.com/networking/wan.html}
\end{itemize}









\subsection{ISDN Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

Linux µÄºËÐÄÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄ ISDN ÄÜÁ¦¡£
ºËÐÄÄ£×é Isdn4linux ¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆ ISDN PC ¿¨, ²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔ½«Ö®Ä£Äâ³ÉÊ¹ÓÃ Hayes ÃüÁî¼¯ 
("AT" ÃüÁî) µÄÊý¾Ý»ú¡£
Ëû¿ÉÄÜ±»Ó¦ÓÃµÄ¡õÎ§, ´Ó¼òµ¥µØÊ¹ÓÃÖÕ¶Ë»ú³ÌÊ½, Í¸¹ý HDLC Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ (ÄÚ¸½ì¶×°ÖÃÖÐ)
À´Á¬Ïß; µ½ÒÔ PPP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, ¶Ô Internet ×÷È«¹¦ÄÜÍøÂ·Á¬Ïß, À´Ê¹ÓÃÉùÒôµÄÓ¦ÓÃ¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item isdn4linux µÄ³£ÎÊÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð (FAQ) ¿É²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³: 
\onlynameurl{http://tsikora.tiac.net/i4l-faq/eng-i4l-faq.html}
\end{itemize}







\subsection{PPP, SLIP, PLIP µÈÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

Linux µÄºËÐÄÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄ PPP (¶Ëµã-¶Ô-¶Ëµã-Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨), SLIP (´®ÁÐÏßÂ·Ê¹ÓÃ IP),
ÒÔ¼° PLIP (²¢ÁÐÏßÂ·Ê¹ÓÃ IP) µÈÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨Ö§Ô®¡£ 
PPP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÊÇÒ»°ã¸öÈËÊ¹ÓÃÕß, ½ÓÈ¡Æä ISP (Internet ·þÎñÌá¹©ÉÌ) ×î³£ÓÃµÄ·½·¨¡£
PLIP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÔòÊÇ¶þ²¿»úÆ÷Ê±±ãÒËµÄÁ¬Ïß·½·¨, Ê¹ÓÃ²¢ÁÐ²ººÍÒ»¸öÌØÖÆµÄÀÂÏß,
Á¬ÏßËÙ¶È¿É´ï 10kBps µ½ 20kBps¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/PPP-HOWTO.html}{Linux PPP How-to}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator.html}{PPP/SLIP emulator}
\item PLIP µÄ×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÒÔ²Î¿¼ \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP/nag/nag.html}{The Network Administrator Guide} ¡£
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

Linux µÄºËÐÄÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨Ö§Ô®¡£

ÓÈÆäÁîÈË¸ÐÐËÈ¤µÄÊÇËûÖ§Ô® AX.25 ¡£AX.25 Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨Ìá¹©Á¬½Óµ¼ÏòÓë·ÇÁ¬½Óµ¼Ïò¶þÖÖ²Ù×÷Ä£Ê½,
Ê¹ÓÃÊ±²»ÊÇÒÔ×Ô¼ºµÄ·½Ê½, ×÷¶Ëµã-¶ËµãµÄÁ¬Ïß; ¾ÍÊÇÔØËÍÆäËûÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, Èç TCP/IP ºÍ NetRom¡£

½á¹¹ÉÏËûÓëµÈ¼¶ 2 µÄ X.25 Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ÀàËÆ,
µ«ÊÇ×öÁËÐ©ÐíµÄÀ©³ä, Ê¹µÃËû¸üÊÊºÏÓ¦ÓÃÔÚÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçµÄÍ¨Ñ¶»·¾³¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item  
\nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/HAM-HOWTO.html}{Amateur radio how-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ATM Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

Linux ¶Ô ATM Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄÖ§Ô®, Ä¿Ç°Ö»µ½ pre-alpha °æ±¾µÄ½×¶Î¡£
Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÒ»¸öÊµÑéÐÔµÄÊµ×÷±»·¢±í³öÀ´, ËûÖ§Ô®´¿ ATM Á¬Ïß (PVCs ºÍ SVCs), 
ATM ÍøÂ·ÉÏÅÜ IP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ (IP over ATM), 
ATM ÍøÂ·Ä£ÄâÇøÓòÍøÂ· (LAN emulation) , ..µÈµÈ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item ÏëÖªµÀÈçºÎÔÚ LINUX ÉÏÊ¹ÓÃ ATM, Çë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³
\nameurl{http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/}{ATM-Linux home page}
\end{itemize}





\section{ÍøÂ·Ó²ÌåµÄÖ§Ô®}

Linux Ö§Ô®¸÷Ê½¸÷ÑùµÄÍøÂ·Ó²Ìå, ÉõÖÁì¶¹ýÊ±µÄÓ²ÌåÒ²°üº¬ÔÚÄÚ¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄÎÄ¼þÇë²Î¿¼: 
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO.html}{Hardware How-To}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html}{Ethernet How-To}
\end{itemize}





\section{µµ°¸ÓëÁÐÓ¡µÄ¹²Ïí}

Ðí¶à PC ÎªÖ÷µÄÇøÓòÍøÂ·, ÆäÖ÷ÒªÓÃÍ¾ÊÇÌá¹©Ê¹ÓÃÕßµµ°¸ÓëÁÐÓ¡µÄ¹²Ïí¡£
Linux ¿ÉÒÔÍ¬Ê±×÷Îªµµ°¸ÓëÁÐÓ¡µÄËÅ·þÆ÷, ì¶ÊÇ³ÉÎªÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£




\subsection{Apple µÄ»·¾³}

ÕýÈçÇ°ÃæÕÂ½ÚµÄÃèÊö, Linux Ö§Ô® Appletalk Ò»ÏµÁÐµÄÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¡£
Linux µÄ netatalk Ê¹µÃ Macintosh »úÆ÷µÄÓÃ»§¶Ë, 
½« Linux ÏµÍ³ÊÓÎªÍøÂ·ÉÏµÄÁíÒ»Ì¨ Macintosh, 
È»ááÁ¬ÉÏ Linux ËÅ·þÆ÷, ·ÖÏíÆäµµ°¸ÏµÍ³, ÓëÊ¹ÓÃÆäÓ¡±í»ú¡£

Netatalk µÄ faq Óë how-to Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://thehamptons.com/anders/netatalk/}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.umich.edu/\~{}rsug/netatalk/}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.umich.edu/\~{}rsug/netatalk/faq.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{Windows µÄ»·¾³}

Samba ÊÇÒ»×éÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½Ì×¼þ, ÈÃ´ó¶àÊýµÄ Unix (ÌØ±ðÊÇ Linux) ÏµÍ³, 
ÄÜ¹»ÕûºÏµ½ Microsoft µÄÍøÂ·Àï, ³ÉÎª¿Í»§¶ËÓëËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë¡£
µ±×÷ËÅ·þÆ÷Ê±, ËûÈÃ Windows 95, Windows for Workgroups,
DOS, ÒÔ¼° Windows NT µÈÓÃ»§¶Ë, ÄÜ¹»È¡ÓÃ Linux µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÓëÁÐÓ¡µÈ·þÎñ¡£
Ëû¿ÉÒÔÍêÈ«È¡´ú Windows NT ÔÚµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÓëÁÐÓ¡·½ÃæµÄ·þÎñ, 
Õâ»¹°üÀ¨ÁË, ½«Ó¡±í»úÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½×Ô¶¯ÏÂÔØÖÁÓÃ»§¶Ë¡£
µ±×÷ÓÃ»§¶ËÊ±, ËûÈÃ Linux ¹¤×÷Õ¾¿ÉÒÔ½«¹²Ïí³öÀ´µÄ windows µµ°¸ÏµÍ³, 
°²ÖÃ (mount) ³É±¾µØµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³¡£

¸ù¾Ý SAMBA Meta-FAQ ÉÏËµ:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
"Ðí¶àÊ¹ÓÃÕß½«Ö®ºÍÆäËûµÄ SMB ²úÆ·×÷ÆÀ±È, ½á¹û·¢ÏÖ»¹ÊÇ Samba ½ÏÎÈ¶¨, ½Ï¿ì, 
ÒÔ¼°Óë¸ü¶àµÄÓÃ»§¶ËÏàÈÝ¡£ Ò»Ð©´óÁ¿°²×°Ê¹ÓÃ SMB Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄ¹ÜÀíÕßËµ Samba 
ÊÇÎ¨Ò»ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃÕßÊýÁ¿À©³äµ½ÊýÍòÈËÖ®áá, ¼ÌÐø´æ»î¶ø²»»á¿åµôµÄ SMB ËÅ·þÆ÷¡£"
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba/}{Samba project home page}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/SMB-HOWTO.html}{Samba How-to}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.html}{Printing How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{Novell µÄ»·¾³}

ÕýÈçÇ°ÃæÕÂ½ÚµÄÃèÊö, Linux ¿ÉÒÔ±»½¨¹¹³É NCP µÄÓÃ»§¶Ë»òËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë, Òò´Ë Novell Óë 
Unix ¶þÀàµÄÓÃ»§¶Ë, ¿ÉÒÔÍ¸¹ý  Novell ÍøÂ·, Ê¹ÓÃµµ°¸ÒÔ¼°ÁÐÓ¡µÈ·þÎñ¡£

  
Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO.html}{IPX How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{UNIX µÄ»·¾³}

ÔÚ UNIX µÄÍøÂ·»·¾³Àï, ½¨ÒéÊ¹ÓÃ NFS µÄ·½·¨À´¹²Ïíµµ°¸¡£
NFS ¾ÍÊÇ"ÍøÂ·µµ°¸¹²Ïí"(Network File Sharing)µÄ¼òÐ´, ËûÊÇÒ»¸öÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, 
×î³õÓÉ Sun Microsystems ¹«Ë¾·¢Õ¹³öÀ´µÄ¡£
ËûÊÇÒ»¸ö¶à²¿»úÆ÷Ö®¼ä¹²Ïíµµ°¸µÄ·½·¨, Ëù¹²Ïíµµ°¸¾ÍºÃÏñ·ÅÔÚ»úÆ÷±¾ÉíµÄÏµÍ³ÉÏÒ»Ñù¡£
ÓÃ»§¶Ë»á½«ËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë "·ÖÏí³öÀ´ (exported)" µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ "°²ÖÃ (mounts)" ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÏÂ¡£
Ëù°²ÖÃµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÔÚÓÃ»§¶Ë»úÆ÷ÉÏ¿´ÆðÀ´, ¾ÍºÃÏñÊÇ»úÆ÷±¾ÉíµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³Ò»Ñù¡£

ÒòÎª¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÔÚ¿ª»úµÄÊ±ºò, Í¸¹ý NFS À´°²ÖÃ root µµ°¸ÏµÍ³Õâ·½ÃæµÄÐèÇó,
ËùÒÔÔÊÐíÎÞ´ÅµúÓÃ»§¶ËÔÚ¿ª»úµÄÊ±ºò, µ½ËÅ·þÆ÷¶ËÈ¡ÓÃËùÓÐ±ØÐèµÄµµ°¸¡£
¸üÃ÷°×µÄËµ, NFS ²»ÅÅ³ý, »áÓÐÒ»¸öÃ»ÓÐÓ²µúµÄÈ«¹¦ÄÜµçÄÔÀ´ÒªÇó·þÎñµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¡£

NFS Ïà¹ØµÄÎÄ¼þÇë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Diskless.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root-Client.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl/NFS-Tips/NFS-Tips.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO.html}
\end{itemize}





\section{Linux ¶Ô Internet/Intranet ËùÌá¹©µÄ·þÎñ}

Linux ÊÇ Internet/Intranet (Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·/¹«Ë¾ÄÚ²¿ÍøÂ·) ÉÏÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄËÅ·þÆ÷Æ½Ì¨¡£
Intranet Õâ¸öÃû´ÊÖ¸µÄÊÇ, ½« Internet µÄ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÔÚ×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿, 
Ö÷ÒªµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÉ¢²¼ºÍÕûºÏ¹«Ë¾ÄÚ²¿µÄ×ÊÑ¶¡£
Í¸¹ý Linux ¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô Internet Óë Intranet Ìá¹©µÄ·þÎñ°üÀ¨ÓÐ: µç×ÓÓÊ¼þ, ÍøÂ·ÐÂÎÅ, 
È«Çò×ÊÑ¶Íø (WWW) µÈ, ÒÔ¼°ÆäËû¸ü¶àµÄ·þÎñÏîÄ¿, ÕâÐ©¶¼»áÔÚÏÂÃæ´óÂÔ×ö¸öËµÃ÷¡£




\subsection{µç×ÓÓÊ¼þ·þÎñ}




\subsubsection{µç×ÓÓÊ¼þËÅ·þÆ÷}

Sendmail ÊÇ UNIX Æ½Ì¨ÉÏ, µç×ÓÓÊ¼þËÅ·þ³ÌÊ½µÄ·Ç¹Ù·½ (de facto) ±ê×¼¡£
Ëû¾ßÓÐÎÈ¶¨Óë¿ÉÀ©³äµÄÌØÐÔ, ¾­¹ýÊÊµ±µÄÉè¶¨ÔÙÅäºÏ±ØÒªµÄÓ²Ìå, 
ËûÄÜ¹»³ÐÊÜÉÏÇ§¸öÊ¹ÓÃÕßµÄ¸ººÉ, ¶ø²»»áÓÐÈÎºÎÉÁÊ§¡£
»¹ÓÐÆäËûµÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þËÅ·þÆ÷ (Ò²¾ÍÊÇ MTA ,¼´µç×ÓÓÊ¼þ´«µÝ´úÀí³ÌÊ½), ÀýÈç, smail ºÍ
qmail ¾ÍÊÇ±»Éè¼ÆÀ´È¡´ú sendmail µÄ¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.sendmail.org/}{Sendmail web site}
\item \nameurl{http://www.sbay.org/smail-faq.html}{Smail faq}
\item \nameurl{http://www.qmail.org}{Qmail web site}
\end{itemize}

µç×ÓÓÊ¼þµÄ how-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Mail-HOWTO.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Qmail+MH.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Sendmail+UUCP.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Mail-Queue.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsubsection{Ô¶¶Ë¶ÁÈ¡µç×ÓÓÊ¼þ}

ÔÚÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯»ò ISP ÖÐ, Ê¹ÓÃÕß¶à°ë»áÀûÓÃËûÃÇ×ÀÉÏµÄµçÄÔ, ÒÔÔ¶¶ËµÄ·½Ê½¶ÁÈ¡ËûÃÇµÄÐÅ¼þ¡£
Linux ÉÏ´æÔÚÓÐ¶àÑùµÄÑ¡ÔñÐÔ, ÀýÈç POP (Ò²¾ÍÊÇ Post Office Protocol ¼´ÓÊ¾ÖÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨) 
ºÍ IMAP (Ò²¾ÍÊÇ Internet Message Access Protocol ¼´Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·ÐÅ¼þ¶ÁÈ¡Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨) µÈËÅ·þÆ÷¡£
POP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨Í¨³£±»ÓÃÀ´, ½«ËÅ·þÆ÷¶ËµÄÐÅ¼þ´«µÝµ½ÓÃ»§¶ËÉÏ¡£
IMAP ÔÊÐíÊ¹ÓÃÕßÔÚÔ¶¶Ë´¦ÀíËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏµÄÐÅ¼þ,ÀýÈçÔÚËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ²úÉú¼°É¾³ýÊÕÐÅ¼Ð,
¶àÈËÍ¬Ê±¶ÁÈ¡¹²ÓÃµÄÊÕÐÅ¼Ð, ..µÈµÈ¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.imap.org/imap.vs.pop.brief.html}{Brief comparison IMAP and POP}
\end{itemize}

Óëµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÏà¹ØµÄ how-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Mail-HOWTO.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Cyrus-IMAP.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsubsection{µç×ÓÓÊ¼þÊ¹ÓÃÕß´úÀí³ÌÊ½ (MUA)}

Linux ÉÏÓÐÒ»Ð©Í¼ÐÎ¼°ÎÄ×ÖÄ£Ê½µÄ MUA (µç×ÓÓÊ¼þÊ¹ÓÃÕß´úÀí³ÌÊ½),
×î³£±»Ê¹ÓÃµ½µÄÓÐ: pine, elm, mutt ºÍ Netscape¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/Internet/Mail/}{List of mail related software}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/TkRat.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsubsection{Í¨ÐÅÂÛÌ³ (Mailing list) ³ÌÊ½}

Ò»°ãÔÚ UNIX ÉÏÌØ±ðÊÇ Linux , ÓÐÐí¶àµÄÍ¨ÐÅÂÛÌ³¹ÜÀí³ÌÊ½ 
(Mail List Management, ¼ò³Æ NLM)¡£ 

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item ÏÖ´æ¸÷ MLMs  Ö®¼äµÄ±È½Ï½á¹û¿É²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³:\onlynameurl{ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/news.answers/mail/list-admin/}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.lsoft.com/}{Listserv}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.greatcircle.com/majordomo/}{Majordomo home page}
\end{itemize}





\subsubsection{Fetch-mail ³ÌÊ½}

Fetchmail ³ÌÊ½ÊÇÒ»¸öºÍµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÏà¹ØµÄºÃÓÃ¹¤¾ß¡£ Fetchmail ³ÌÊ½ÊÇÒ»¸öÃâ·Ñ, 
¹¦ÄÜÆëÈ«, ¾ßÎÈ¶¨ÐÔ, ÎÄ¼þËµÃ÷Æë±¸, Ö÷Òª±»Ó¦ÓÃÔÚÁÙÊ±½ÓÍ¨µÄ TCP/IP ÏßÂ·
(ÀýÈç SLIP »ò PPP Á¬Ïß)ÉÏ, ÓÃÀ´¶ÁÈ¡Ô¶¶ËÐÅ¼þ¼°×ªµÝÐÅ¼þµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£
ËûÖ§Ô®Ä¿Ç°ÔÚ Internet ÉÏÊ¹ÓÃµÄÃ¿Ò»ÖÖÔ¶¶ËÐÅ¼þ¶ÁÈ¡Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¡£
ËûÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔÖ§Ô® IPv6 ºÍ IPSEC (¼´ IP °²È«Ð­¶¨) µÈ¹æ¸ñ¡£

Fetchmail ³ÌÊ½¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÔ¶¶ËµÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þËÅ·þÆ÷¶ÁÈ¡ÐÅ¼þ, Ò²¿ÉÒÔÍ¸¹ý SMTP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨×ªµÝÐÅ¼þ,
Òò´ËÍ¸¹ýËûËù¼Ä³öµÄÐÅ¼þ, ¿ÉÒÔ±»Ò»°ãµÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÊ¹ÓÃÕß´úÀï³ÌÊ½, ÀýÈç mutt, elm »ò 
BSD Mail À´¶ÁÈ¡¡£
ÓÐÁËËûÖ®áá, MTA µÄ¹ýÂË, ×ªµÝ, ±ðÃûµÄÔË×÷, ¾ÍÈçÍ¬´¦ÀíÒ»°ãÐÅ¼þÒ»ÑùÈÝÒ×¡£ 

Fetchmail ³ÌÊ½¿ÉÒÔ±»ÓÃÀ´×÷ÎªÕû¸ö DNS ÍøÓòÖÐ, POP/IMAP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨-×ª»»ÖÁ-SMTP 
Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨µÄÕ¢µÀ (gateway),
Ëû´Ó ISP ËùÌá¹©µÄµ¥Ò»µç×ÓÓÊ¼þÐÅÏäÈ¡µÃÓÊ¼þ, ½ÓÖø¸ù¾ÝÐÅ¼þ±êÍ· (header) ÉÏµÄµØÖ·ÒÔ 
SMTP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨×ªµÝÐÅ¼þ¡£

Ò»°ãÐ¡¹«Ë¾¿ÉÒÔ½«¹«Ë¾ËùÓÐµÄÐÅ¼þ¼¯ÖÐµØ·½ÔÚµ¥Ò»¸öÐÅÏäÖÐ,
Ê¹ÓÃ fetchmail ³ÌÊ½À´ÊÕ¼¯ËùÓÐÒª¼Ä³öÈ¥µÄÐÅ¼þ, ½«ËûÃÇÒ»ÆðµÝËÍÖÁÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·ÉÏ, 
Í¬Ê±¶ÁÈ¡ËùÓÐ¼Ä½øµ½ÐÅÏäµÄÐÅ¼þ¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sagan.earthspace.net/~esr/fetchmail/}{Fetch-mail home page}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÍøÒ³(Web) ËÅ·þÆ÷}

ÊÐÃæÉÏËù·¢ÐÐµÄ Linux °æ±¾´ó¶à°üÀ¨ Apache ËÅ·þÆ÷ (http://www.apache.org)¡£
Apache ÊÇÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·ÉÏ (http://www.netcraft.co.uk/survey/) 
µÚÒ»Æ·ÅÆµÄÍøÒ³ËÅ·þÆ÷, ÔÚÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·ÉÏ³¬¹ýÒ»°ëÒÔÉÏµÄÕ¾Ì¨Ê¹ÓÃ Apache ËÅ·þÆ÷, 
»òÓÉÆäÑÜÉú³öÀ´µÄ²úÆ·¡£ Apache ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÓÅµã°üÀ¨ÓÐ, Ä£×é»¯Éè¼Æ, ÎÈ¶¨, ÒÔ¼°ËÙ¶È¡£
Ê¹ÓÃÊÊµ±µÄÓ²ÌåÓëÉè¶¨, Ëû¿ÉÒÔÖ§Ô®µ½×î¸ßµÄ¸ººÉ: Yahoo, Altavista, GeoCities,
Hotmail µÈÕ¾Ì¨¾ÍÊÇ²ÉÓÃ Apache ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ¿Í»§Ö¸¶¨¹æ¸ñ, ÖÆ×÷³öÀ´µÄ°æ±¾¡£

¸½¼Ó SSL (¿ªÆô°²È«½»Ò×) ¹¦ÄÜµÄÏà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÂÃæÍøÒ³ÕÒµ½:
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.apache-ssl.org/} 
\item \onlynameurl{http://raven.covalent.net/}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.c2.net/}
\end{itemize}


Ïà¹ØµÄ How-tos Çë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³:
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/WWW-HOWTO.html}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Virtual-Services-HOWTO.html}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Intranet-Server-HOWTO.html}
\item \nameurl{http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/Internet/WebServers/}{Web servers for Linux}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÍøÒ³(Web) ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½}

Ä¿Ç° Linux Æ½Ì¨ÉÏ, ´æÔÚÓÐÊýÖÖÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½¡£
Íø¾°¹«Ë¾µÄ"µ¼º½Õß" (Netscape Navigator) ÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½,ÊÇ×î»ù±¾µÄÑ¡ÔñÁË, 
¶ø¼´½«·¢±íµÄ"Ä¦Ë¹À­" (Mozilla) ÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½ (http://www.mozilla.org) 
Ò²»áÓÐ Linux µÄ°æ±¾¡£
ÁíÒ»¸ö³£ÓÃµÄÎÄ×ÖÄ£Ê½µÄÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½¾ÍÊÇ lynx¡£
µ±ÄãÃ»ÓÐÍ¼ÐÎµÄ»·¾³¿ÉÓÃÊ± lynx Ê¹ÓÃÆðÀ´¿ìËÙÇÒÉÏÊÖ¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/Internet/WebBrowsers/}{Browser software for Linux}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Public-Web-Browser.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{FTP ËÅ·þÆ÷ÓëÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½}

FTP ¾ÍÊÇ"µµ°¸´«ÊäÐ­¶¨"(File Transfer Protocol)µÄ¼òÐ´¡£
FTP ËÅ·þÆ÷ÔÊÐíÓÃ»§¶Ë, Á¬ÏßÓëÈ¡»Ø(ÏÂÔØ)µµ°¸µÄÒªÇó¡£
Ä¿Ç° Linux ÉÏ´æÔÚÓÐ¶àÖÖ FTP ËÅ·þÆ÷ÓëÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½, 
ËûÃÇÍ¨³£»á·ÅÔÚ´ó²¿·ÖµÄ Linux ·¢ÐÐ°æ±¾ÖÐ¡£
ÓÐÎÄ×ÖÄ£Ê½µÄÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½, Ò²ÓÐ GUI Ä£Ê½µÄ¡£
Linux ÉÏÊ¹ÓÃµÄFTP Ïà¹ØÈíÌå (ËÅ·þÆ÷ÓëÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½) ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÂÃæÍøÒ³ÕÒµ½:
\onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/file-transfer/}




\subsection{ÍøÂ·ÐÂÎÅ (News) ·þÎñ}

Usenet (¾ÍÊÇËùÎ½µÄÍøÂ·ÐÂÎÅ) ÊÇÒ»¸ö´óµÄ¸æÊ¾°åÏµÍ³, ËûÉÏÃæ°üº¬ÓÐ¸÷ÖÖµÄÌÖÂÛ»°Ìâ, 
¶øËû²ÉÓÃµÄÊÇ½×²ãÊ½µÄ¼Ü¹¹¡£ÍøÂ·ÉÏµÄµçÄÔ¾­ÓÉÍø¼ÊÍøÂ· (¼´Ö¸ Usenet) ÒÔ 
NNTP Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨À´»¥»»ÎÄÕÂ¡£Linux ÉÏÓÐ¶à¸ö±»Êµ×÷³öÀ´µÄÈíÌå¡£
ÓÐ¸ø¸ººÉ¼«ÖØµÄÕ¾Ì¨Ê¹ÓÃµÄ, Ò²ÓÐ¸øÖ»½ÓÊÕÒ»Ð©ÐÂÎÅÈº (newsgroups) µÄÐ¡Õ¾Ì¨Ê¹ÓÃµÄ¡£
Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.isc.org/}{INN home page}
\item \nameurl{http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/Internet/News/}{Linux news related software}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÍøÓòÃû³ÆÏµÍ³ (DNS) ·þÎñ}

DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ¹¦ÄÜ, ¾ÍÊÇ½«ÍøÓòÃû³Æ(¸øÈË¿´µÄ)×ª»»³É IP Î»Ö·¡£
µ¥¶ÀÒ»Ì¨ DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷, ²¢²»»áÖªµÀÊÀ½çÉÏËùÓÐµÄ IP Î»Ö·; ¿ÉÊÇËû¿ÉÒÔÏòÆäËûËÅ·þÆ÷,
Ñ¯ÎÊ×Ô¼ºËù²»ÖªµÀµÄÎ»Ö·¡£DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷²»ÊÇ½«ËùÑ¯ÎÊµÄ IP Î»Ö·»ØÓ¦¸øÊ¹ÓÃÕß, 
¾ÍÊÇ»Ø±¨ËùÑ¯ÎÊµÄÃû³ÆÔÚ×ÊÁÏ±íÖÐÕÒ²»µ½¡£

ÔÚ UNIX (ÒÔ¼° Internet ÖÐÎªÊýÖÚ¶àµÄ»úÆ÷) ÉÏ, ÍøÓòÃû³Æ²éÑ¯·þÎñÊÇÓÉÒ»¸öÃûÎª named
µÄ³ÌÊ½À´Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ËûÊÇÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·ÈíÌåÁªÃË (Internet Software Consortium) ËùÌá¹©
bind Ì××°³ÌÊ½µÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£
Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.isc.org/}{BIND}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html}{DNS How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{DHCP, bootp Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨}

DHCP Óë bootp Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, ÔÊÐíÓÃ»§¶ËÏòËÅ·þÆ÷Ë÷È¡ÍøÂ·×ÊÑ¶ 
(ÀýÈçËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄ IP Î»Ö·)¡£
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ÌØ±ðÊÇÔÚ´óÐÍÍøÂ·ÖÐ, »òÊÇÍøÂ·ÉÏÓÐºÜ¶à»ú¶¯µÄÊ¹ÓÃÕß¡£

Ïà¹ØÎÄ¼þÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/DHCP.html}{DHCP How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÍøÂ·×ÊÑ¶·þÎñ (NIS) }

ÍøÂ·×ÊÑ¶·þÎñ (NIS) Ìá¹©, Ò»¸ö¼òÒ×µÄÍøÂ·²éÑ¯·þÎñ, ËûÊÇÓÉ×ÊÁÏ¿âÓë´¦Àí³ÌÐòËù¹¹³É¡£
ËûµÄÄ¿µÄ¾ÍÊÇÔÚÌá¹©×ÊÑ¶, Õû¸öÍøÂ·ÉÏËùÓÐ±ØÐèÖªµÀµÄ×ÊÑ¶, ¸øÍøÂ·ÉÏËùÓÐµÄ»úÆ÷¡£
ËûÊ¹µÃÒ»¸öÊ¹ÓÃÕß, ÄÜ¹»Ç©ÈëÍøÂ·ÉÏÈÎºÎÒ»Ì¨Ö´ÐÐ NIS µÄ»úÆ÷, ¶ø²»ÐèÒª¹ÜÀíÕßÎªÊ¹ÓÃÕß,
ÔÚÃ¿Ì¨»úÆ÷ÉÏ¼ÓÉÏÃÜÂë, Ö»Ðè¼ÓÈëµ½Ö÷×ÊÁÏ¿â¼´¿É¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NIS-HOWTO.html}{NIS How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÈÏÖ¤·þÎñ}

ÔÚ Linux/window NT »ìÓÃµÄÍøÂ·ÖÐ, ÓÐ¸÷ÖÖÈÏÖ¤Ê¹ÓÃÕßµÄ·½·¨: Çë²Î¿¼
\onlynameurl{http://www.mindware.com.au/ftp/smb-NT-verify.1.1.tar.gz}¡£
ÁíÍâ PAM (¿ÉÇ¶ÈëÈÏÖ¤Ä£×é) ÊÇÒ»¸ö¾ßµ¯ÐÔµÄ UNIX ÈÏÖ¤·½·¨: Çë²Î¿¼
\nameurl{http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/index.html}{PAM library}¡£
×îááÒ²Çë²Î¿¼,  
\nameurl{http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/ldap/index.html}{LDAP in Linux}¡£




\section{Ô¶¶ËÖ´ÐÐÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½·þÎñ}

UNIX ×î¾ªÈËµÄÌØÐÔÖ®Ò» (Æù½ñ»¹ÊÇÐÂÊÖ×î²»ÖªµÀµÄÊÂÇéÖ®Ò»)
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\subsection{Telnet µÄ·½Ê½}

Telnet ÊÇÒ»¸ö³ÌÊ½, ËûÈÃÈËÃÇÊ¹ÓÃÔ¶¶ËµÄµçÄÔ, ¾ÍºÃÏñÊÇÊµ¼ÊÔÚ¸ÃµçÄÔÃæÇ°Ò»Ñù¡£
Telnet ÊÇ UNIX ÉÏ×îÇ¿´óµÄ¹¤¾ßÖ®Ò», ËûÊ¹µÃÕæÕýµÄÔ¶¶Ë¹ÜÀí»úÆ÷³ÉÎª¿ÉÄÜ¡£
ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃÕßµÄ¹ÛµãÖÐ, ËûÒ²ÊÇ¸öÓÐÈ¤µÄ³ÌÊ½, ÒòÎªËûÈÃÊ¹ÓÃÕßÄÜ¹»ÔÚ Internet 
µÄÈÎºÎµØ·½, ÒÔÔ¶¶ËµÄ·½Ê½È¡ÓÃÆäµµ°¸¼°³ÌÊ½¡£
½«ËûÓë X ËÅ·þÆ÷ºÏÓÃ, ²»ÂÛÊÇ×øÔÚ¿ØÖÆ²Ù×÷Ì¨ (console) 
Ç°Ãæ, »òÊÇµØÇòµÄÁíÒ»±ß, ¸Ð¾õÉÏ²¢Ã»ÓÐ²»Í¬ (³ýÁËÊ±¼äµÄÑÓ³ÙÍâ)¡£
Telnet ËÅ·þÆ÷¼à¿Ø³ÌÊ½ (daemons) ºÍÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½, ÔÚ´ó²¿ Linux µÄ·¢ÐÐ°æ±¾ÖÐ¶¼¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½¡£

ÏëÔÚÔ¶¶Ë²Ù×÷½éÃæ (remote shell) µÄÁ¬ÏßÆÚ¼ä (sessions) ½«ËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ¼ÓÃÜ, 
¿ÉÒÔÍ¸¹ý SSH (http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/) µÄ·½Ê½, 
ËûÈÃ°²È«µÄÔ¶¶Ë¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷³ÉÎª¿ÉÄÜ¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/telnet/}{Telnet related software}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{Ô¶¶ËÏÂÃüÁîµÄ·½Ê½}

ÔÚ Unix ÖÐ , ÌØ±ðÊÇÔÚ Linux ÉÏ, Ô¶¶ËÃüÁî·½Ê½µÄ³öÏÖ, ÈÃÎÒÃÇÄÜ¹»Í¸¹ý²Ù×÷"½éÃæ" 
(shell) ÓëÔ¶¶ËµÄµçÄÔ¹µÍ¨¡£ÀýÈç: rlogin, ÈÃÎÒÃÇÄÜ¹»ÒÔ telnet ÀàËÆµÄ·½·¨, 
Ç©ÈëÔ¶¶Ë»úÆ÷£» rcp, ÈÃÎÒÃÇÄÜ¹»ÓëÔ¶¶Ë»úÆ÷Ö®¼ä, ×öÔ¶¶ËµÄµµ°¸´«Êä, ..µÈµÈ¡£
×îááË³±ãÒ»Ìá, Í¸¹ý"Ô¶¶Ë²Ù×÷½éÃæ" (remote shell) ÏÂÃüÁîµÄ³ÌÊ½ rsh, 
ÈÃÎÒÃÇ²»±ØÊµ¼ÊµØÇ©ÈëÔ¶¶Ë»úÆ÷, ¾ÍÄÜÔÚ¸Ã»úÆ÷ÉÏÖ´ÐÐÃüÁî¡£




\subsection{X-ÊÓ´°µÄ·½Ê½}

X ÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³ì¶ 1980 Äê´úÄ©ÆÚÔÚ MIT ±»·¢Õ¹³öÀ´,
ËûºÜ¿ìµØ³ÉÎª UNIX Í¼ÐÎ¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ¹¤Òµ±ê×¼¡£
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ÈÎºÎ X ÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³, ÓÉ¶þ¸ö²»Í¬µÄ²¿·Ö×é³É --   X ËÅ·þÆ÷Óë 1 »ò¶à¸ö X ÓÃ»§¶Ë¡£
¡õ½âËÅ·þÆ÷ÓëÓÃ»§¶Ë¼ä²»Í¬Ö®´¦ÔÚÄÇÀï, ÊÇ¼þÖØÒªµÄÊÂÇé¡£
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ÓÃ»§¶Ë¾ÍÊÇ"ÕæÕý"Ö´ÐÐÔËËã¹¤×÷µÄµØ·½ - Ö´ÐÐÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½»òÊÇÆäËû¹¤×÷¡£
Ã¿µ±ÓÃ»§¶ËÓëËÅ·þÆ÷Á¬ÏßÊ±, ËÅ·þÆ÷¾Í»á¿ªÆôÒ»»ò¶à¸öÊÓ´°, ÒÔ±ãÎª¸ÃÓÃ»§¶Ë, ²Ù×÷Êä³öÈë¶¯×÷¡£

¼ò¶øÑÔÖ®, X ÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³ÈÃÊ¹ÓÃÕßÄÜ¹»Ç©ÈëÔ¶¶Ë»úÆ÷, Ö´ÐÐÐÐ³Ì (process) 
(ÀýÈç¿ªÆôÒ»¸öÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½), ²¢½«ÆäÊä³ö½á¹ûÏÔÊ¾ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ¡£
ÒòÎªÐÐ³Ì (process) Êµ¼ÊÊÇÔÚÓÃ»§¶ËÉÏÖ´ÐÐ, ËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë½öÐèÒª·Ç³£ÉÙÁ¿ CPU ¼ÆËãÄÜÁ¦¡£
Òò´ËÏëÒªÉè¼ÆÒ»²¿, Ö÷Òª¹¦ÄÜ´¿´â×÷Îª X ÊÓ´°ËÅ·þÆ÷Ê¹ÓÃµÄ, µçÄÔÊÇ¿ÉÐÐµÄ, 
¶øËû¾ÍÊÇËùÎ½µÄ X-ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¡£
Linux ÉÏ´æÔÚÓÐÃâ·ÑµÄ X ÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³ÒÆÖ²³ÌÊ½Ì×¼þ, Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ: 
\nameurl{http://www.xfree86.org/}{Xfree} ÉÏÕÒµ½¡£ 
¸Ã³ÌÊ½Ì×¼þÍ¨³£»á¸½ÔÚ´ó¶àÊý Linux µÄ·¢ÐÐ°æ±¾ÖÐ¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Remote-X-Apps.html}{Remote X Apps How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÐéÄâÍøÂ·¼ÆËã×÷Òµ (VNC) µÄ·½Ê½}

ÐéÄâÍøÂ·¼ÆËã×÷Òµ (Virtual Network Computing, ¼ò³Æ VNC)¡£
Ëû»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÒ»¸öÔ¶¶ËÏÔÊ¾ÏµÍ³, ÈÃÎÒÃÇ²»½öÔÚÖ´ÐÐ³ÌÊ½µÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ, ÄÜ¿´µ½¼ÆËã×÷ÒµµÄ×ÀÃæ»·¾³, 
¶øÇÒÔÚ Internet µÄÈÎºÎµØ·½, ¼´Ê¹Ê¹ÓÃ¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ»úÆ÷¼Ü¹¹, Ò²¶¼ÄÜ¿´µÄµ½¡£
Linux ÒÔ¼°Ðí¶àÆäËûµÄ×÷ÒµÆ½Ì¨, ¶¼´æÔÚÓÐÓÃ»§¶ËÓëËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ³ÌÊ½¡£
Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÔÚ Windows NT »ò 95 µÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏÖ´ÐÐ MS-Word ³ÌÊ½, ¶ø½«Êä³ö½á¹ûÏÔÊ¾ÔÚ Linux »úÆ÷ÉÏ¡£ 
·´Ö®ÒàÈ», Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÔÚ Linux »úÆ÷ÉÏÖ´ÐÐÓ¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½, ¶ø½«Êä³ö½á¹ûÏÔÊ¾ÔÚ±ð²¿ Linux »ò Windows »úÆ÷ÉÏ¡£ 
ÄãÈôÓÐÒ»¸ö Java µÄÓÃ»§¶Ë, ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ³ÌÊ½ÖÐ, Ö´ÐÐÔ¶¶ËÏÔÊ¾µÄ¼ÆËã×÷Òµ¡£
×îááË³±ãÒ»Ìá, ÄãÈôÊ¹ÓÃÒ»¸öÒÆÖ²µ½ Linux µÄ SVGAlib Í¼ÐÎ³ÌÊ½¿â, ±ã¿ÉÒÔÈÃ 386 µÄ»úÆ÷Ö»ÒªÓÐ 4 Mb 
µÄÉÙÊý¼ÇÒäÌå, ¾ÍÄÜ¹»±ä³ÉÈ«¹¦ÄÜµÄ X-ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¡£

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.orl.co.uk/vnc}{VNC web site}
\end{itemize}





\section{Linux ¶ÔÍøÂ·»¥Á¬µÄÖ§Ô®}

Linux µÄÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜ°üÂÞÍòÏî¡£
Ò»²¿ Linux »úÆ÷, ¿ÉÒÔ±»½¨¹¹³ÉÂ·ÓÉÆ÷ (router), ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (bridge), ..µÈµÈ¡£
ÌØ½«Ò»Ð©¿ÉÑ¡ÓÃµÄÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜÃèÊöì¶ÏÂ:




\subsection{Â·ÓÉÆ÷ (Router)}

Linux µÄºËÐÄÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄÂ·ÓÉÑ¡Ôñ (routing) ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
Ò»²¿ Linux »úÆ÷, ¿ÉÒÔ±»½¨¹¹³ÉÒ»Ì¨ IP »ò IPX Â·ÓÉÆ÷ (router)
ËûµÄ»¨·Ñ½öÊÇÉÌÒµÂ·ÓÉÆ÷ (router) µÄÁãÍ·¶øÒÑ¡£
×î½ü·¢±íµÄºËÐÄ, °üº¬ÁËÒ»Ð©ÌØÊâµÄ¹¦ÄÜÑ¡Ïî, ¶¼ÊÇÓÃÀ´Éè¶¨Â·ÓÉÆ÷ (router) µÄ:
\begin{itemize}
\item ¶àÄ¿µÄ´«²¥ (Multicasting):
¿ÉÈÃ Linux »úÆ÷³ÉÎªÒ»¸ö, ½« IP ·â°ü´«²¥µ½¶à¸öÄ¿µÄÎ»Ö·µÄÂ·ÓÉÆ÷ (router)¡£
Ê¹ÓÃ MBONE Ê±, ¾ÍÐèÒªÕâÖÖÂ·ÓÉÆ÷ (router), MBONE ÊÇ Internet ÉÏ, Ò»ÖÖÐèÒª¸ßÆµ¿íµÄÍøÂ·, 
ËûÄÜ¹»ÔØËÍÉùÒôºÍÓ°ÏñµÄ¹ã²¥ÐÅºÅ¡£
\item ²ßÂÔÐÔ IP Â·ÓÉÑ¡Ôñ (IP policy routing):
Ò»°ãÂ·ÓÉÆ÷ (router) ´¦ÀíËùÊÕµ½µÄ·â°üÊ±, ½öÒÔ·â°üµÄ×îÖÕÄ¿µÄÎ»Ö·ÎªÂ·ÓÉÑ¡ÔñµÄÒÀ¾Ý,
µ«ÊÇÂ·ÓÉµÄÑ¡Ôñ, Ò²¿ÉÒÔ½«À´Ô´Î»Ö·Óë·â°üËùµÖ´ïµÄÍøÂ·½éÃæ, Ò»ÆðÄÉÈë¿¼ÂÇ¡£
\end{itemize}


»¹ÓÐÒ»Ð©Ïà¹ØµÄ¼Æ»®, °üÀ¨Ò»¸öÖ÷ÒªÄ¿±êÔÚ, Ö»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÒ»Æ¬Èíµú¾Í¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ Linux 
Â·ÓÉÆ÷ (router) µÄ¼Æ»®: 
\nameurl{http://www.psychosis.com/linux-router/}{Linux router project}




\subsection{ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (Bridge)}

Linux µÄºËÐÄÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (ethernet bridge) Ö§Ô®,
ËûµÄ×÷ÓÃ¾ÍÊÇÈÃÁ¬½Ó¹ýÀ´, ²»Í¬ÒÒÌ«ÍøÇø¶Î (Ethernet segments) ÉÏÃæµÄ¸÷¸ö½Úµã,
Ê¹ÓÃÆðÀ´¸Ð¾õ¾ÍÏñÊÇ, ÔÚÍ¬Ò»¸öÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·ÉÏ¡£
¶à²¿ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (Bridge) ·ÅÔÚÒ»Æð, ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ IEEE802.1 ±ê×¼µÄ spanning tree ÑÝËã·¨µÄÊ¹ÓÃ, 
¿ÉÒÔ½¨¹¹Ò»¸ö¸ü´óµÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¡£ÕýÈçËûÊÇÒ»¸ö±ê×¼, Linux ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (bridge) ÓÐÁËËûÖ®áá, 
¿ÉÓëÆäËûµÚÈýÐ­Á¦³§ÉÌµÄÇÅ½ÓÆ÷ (bridge) ²úÆ·Õý³£µØ»¥½Ó¡£

»¹ÓÐµÄ³ÌÊ½Ì×¼þ, ¿ÉÒÔ¹ýÂË IP, IPX »ò MAC Î»Ö·¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Bridge+Firewall.html}{Bridge+Firewall}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Bridge.html}{Bridge}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{IP-Î±×° (Masquerading) ¹¦ÄÜ}

IP Î±×°ÔÚ Linux ÉÏÊÇÒ»¸ö·¢Õ¹ÖÐµÄÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜ¡£ 
Èç¹ûÒ»²¿ Linux Ö÷»úÁ¬½ÓÖÁ Internet , ¶øÇÒÆä IP Î±×°¹¦ÄÜ±»¿ªÆô,
ÔòÁ¬ÉÏËûµÄÆäËûµçÄÔ (²»ÂÛÊÇÔÚÏàÍ¬µÄ LAN ÉÏ, »òÊÇÍ¸¹ýÊý¾Ý»úÁ¬ÉÏÀ´µÄ)
¾ÍËãÊÇËûÃÇÃ»ÓÐÊ¹ÓÃÕýÊ½·ÖÅäµÄ IP Î»Ö·, ¶¼Í¬Ñù¿ÉÒÔÍ¨´ï Internet¡£
Ëû½µµÍÁËÉÏÍøµÄ·ÑÓÃ, ÒòÎª¿ÉÒÔ¶àÈËÊ¹ÓÃÍ¬Ò»ÌõÊý¾Ý»úÁ¬ÏßÀ´ÉÏ Internet,
Í¬Ê±ËûÒ²Ôö¼ÓÁË°²È«ÐÔ (´ÓÄ³Ð©·½ÃæÀ´¿´, ËûµÄ¹¦ÄÜÏñÊÇÒ»¸ö·À»ðÇ½ (firewall),
ÒòÎªÍâ½çÍøÂ·ÎÞ·¨Á¬½Ó, ·ÇÕýÊ½·ÖÅäµÄ IP Î»Ö·)¡£

IP Î±×°µÄÏà¹ØÍøÒ³ÓëÎÄ¼þ: 
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.tor.shaw.wave.ca/\~{}ambrose/}
\item \onlynameurl{http://www.indyramp.com/masq/links.pfhtml}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/IP-Masquerade.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{IP-¼ÆÕÊ (Accounting) ¹¦ÄÜ}

ÕâÒ²ÊÇ¸ö Linux ºËÐÄµÄÑ¡ÓÃ¹¦ÄÜ¡£Ëû±»Ê¹ÓÃÔÚ IP ÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿µÄ×·×Ù, 
·â°üµÄ¼ÇÂ¼, ÒÔ¼°²úÉúÒ»Ð©Í³¼ÆµÄ½á¹û¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÒåÒ»ÏµÁÐµÄ¹æÔò, ÒÔ±ãµ±±È¶Ôµ½Ä³ÖÖÑùÊ½µÄ·â°üÊ±, ¾ÍÔö¼Ó¼ÆÊýÆ÷µÄÊýÖµ¡£
ÀýÈç, Õâ¸ö·â°üÊÇ±»½ÓÊÜ/¾Ü¾øµÄ..µÈµÈ¡£




\subsection{IP ±ðÃû(aliasing) ¹¦ÄÜ}

Õâ¸ö Linux ºËÐÄËùÌá¹©µÄ¹¦ÄÜ, Ê¹µÃÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍ¬Ò»¸öµÍ½×ÍøÂ·×°ÖÃµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½ÏÂ, 
Éè¶¨¶àÖØµÄÍøÂ·Î»Ö· (ÀýÈç, ÔÚÒ»Æ¬ÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨×°ÖÃÉÏ, Éè¶¨¶þ¸ö IP Î»Ö·)¡£
Í¨³£ÎÒÃÇ»áÒÀÕÕ, ËÅ·þÆ÷³ÌÊ½Ëù¼à¿´ÍøÂ·Î»Ö·µÄ²»Í¬, ¶øÀ´Çø·Ö²»Í¬µÄ·þÎñ¹¦ÄÜ
(ÀýÈç "¶àÖØÖ÷»ú (multihosting)" »ò "ÐéÄâÍøÓò (virtual domains)" »ò 
"ÐéÄâÖ÷»ú·þÎñ (virtual hosting services)" )¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-to Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/IP-Alias.html}{IP Aliasing How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿¿ØÖÆ (Traffic Shaping) ¹¦ÄÜ}

ÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿¿ØÖÆ¹¦ÄÜ, ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐéÄâµÄÍøÂ··þÎñ, Ëû¿ÉÒÔÏÞÖÆÊä³öµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÍøÂ·×°ÖÃµÄ×ÊÁÏÁ÷ËÙÂÊ¡£
Õâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜÔÚÄ³Ð©³¡ºÏ (ÏñÊÇ ISP) ÌØ±ðÓÐÓÃ, 
Ëû±»ÄÃÀ´¿ØÖÆÓëÖ´ÐÐ, ÏÞÖÆÃ¿¸öÊ¹ÓÃÕß¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ¶àÉÙÆµ¿íµÄ²ßÂÔ¡£
ÁíÒ»¸öÓÃÍ¾ (½öÏÞì¶ÍøÒ³·þÎñ) ¾ÍÊÇÄ³Ð© Apache µÄÄ£×é, ¿ÉÒÔÄÃÀ´ÏÞÖÆ¿Í»§¶Ë½¨Á¢ IP
Á¬ÏßµÄ¸öÊý, »òÊÇÆµ¿íµÄÊ¹ÓÃÁ¿¡£




\subsection{·À»ðÇ½ (Firewall) ¹¦ÄÜ}

·À»ðÇ½ÊÇÒ»¸ö½«Ë½ÓÐÍøÂ·, ´Ó¹«ÖÚ¡õÎ§ (Õû¸öÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·) ±£»¤Óë¶ÀÁ¢³öÀ´µÄ×°ÖÃ¡£
ËûµÄÉè¼ÆÊ¹ËûÄÜ¹», ÒÀ¾ÝÃ¿¸ö·â°üËùº¬Ö®À´Ô´Î»Ö·, Ä¿µÄÎ»Ö·, 
²º, ÒÔ¼°·â°üÐÎÌ¬µÈ×ÊÑ¶, À´¿ØÖÆ·â°üµÄÁ÷Í¨Óë·ñ¡£

Linux ÉÏ´æÔÚÓÐ²»Í¬ÀàÐÍµÄ·À»ðÇ½¹¤¾ßÌ×¼þ (toolkits) , Í¬Ê±ºËÐÄÒ²ÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄ·À»ðÇ½Ö§Ô®¡£
³ýÁËºËÐÄÄÚ½¨µÄÖ§Ô®Íâ, »¹ÓÐ TIS ºÍ SOCKS ¶þÖÖ·À»ðÇ½¹¤¾ßÌ×¼þ¡£
Õâ¶þÖÖ·À»ðÇ½¹¤¾ßÌ×¼þ·Ç³£ÍêÕû, ÈôÄÜÓëÆäËû¹¤¾ßºÏ²¢Ê¹ÓÃ, 
Ôò¿É×è¶Ï/ÖØµ¼¸÷ÀàµÄÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿ÓëÐ­¶¨¡£
¶øÇÒ¾­ÓÉÉè¶¨µµ°¸»ò GUI ³ÌÊ½, ¿ÉÒÔÊµ×÷³ö²»Í¬µÄÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿¿ØÖÆ²ßÂÔ¡£
Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.tis.com}{TIS home page}
\item \nameurl{http://www.socks.nec.com/socksfaq.html}{SOCKS}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Firewall-HOWTO.html}{Firewall How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{²º×ªµÝ (Port Forwarding) ¹¦ÄÜ}

ÓÐ»¥¶¯½»Ì¸ÄÜÁ¦ÍøÒ³Õ¾Ì¨Ô½À´Ô½¶àÁË, ËûÃÇÊ¹ÓÃ cgi-bins »ò Java applets 
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ÒòÎªÕâÀà´æÈ¡·½Ê½, ¿ÉÄÜÔì³É°²È«ÉÏµÄÎÊÌâ, ËùÒÔ×ÊÁÏ¿âËùÔÚµÄ»úÆ÷, 
²»Ó¦¸ÃÖ±½ÓÁ¬ÉÏ Internet¡£

²º×ªµÝ¹¦ÄÜ¶ÔÕâÀà´æÈ¡ÎÊÌâ, Ìá¹©ÁËÒ»¸ö»¹ËãÀíÏëµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
Í¸¹ý·À»ðÇ½, ½øÈëµ½ÌØ¶¨²º±àºÅµÄ IP ·â°ü, ¿ÉÒÔ±»¸ÄÐ´, È»áá×ªµÝµ½ÄÚ²¿Êµ¼ÊÌá¹©·þÎñµÄËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ¡£
ÄÚ²¿ËÅ·þÆ÷Ëù»Ø¸²µÄ·â°üÒ²»á±»¸ÄÐ´, Ê¹µÃËû¿´ÆðÀ´ÊÇÀ´×Ô·À»ðÇ½¡£

²º×ªµÝµÄÏà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
\nameurl{http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~steve/portforwarding.html}{Õâ¸öµØ·½}
ÕÒµ½¡£




\subsection{¸ºÔØ¾ùºâ (Load Balancing) ¹¦ÄÜ}

Í¨³£×ÊÁÏ¿â/ÍøÒ³µÄ´æÈ¡, ÔÚ¶à¸öÓÃ»§¶ËÍ¬Ê±ÏòÒ»¸öËÅ·þÆ÷Ìá³ö·þÎñÒªÇóÊ±, »áÓÐ¸ºÔØ¾ùºâµÄÐèÇó¡£
¸ºÔØ¾ùºâµÄ¹¦ÄÜ, ÐèÒªÓÐ¶à²¿ÏàÍ¬µÄËÅ·þÆ÷, ²¢½«·þÎñÒªÇó×ªËÍµ½¸ºÔØ½ÏÇáµÄËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏÈ¥¡£
ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÍ¸¹ýÍøÂ·Î»Ö·×ª»» ( Network Address Translation, ¼ò³Æ NAT ) ¼¼ÊõµÄ×Ó¹¦ÄÜ
IP Î±×°À´´ïµ½Õâ¸öÄ¿µÄ¡£ ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíÕß¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒ»¸öÂß¼­µÄËÅ·þÆ÷¼¯ºÏ, À´¹²ÏíÍ¬Ò»¸ö IP
Î»Ö·µÄ×ö·¨, È¡´ú¹ýÈ¥½öÊ¹ÓÃµ¥Ò»ËÅ·þÆ÷, Ìá¹©ÍøÒ³·þÎñ - »òÆäËûÓ¦ÓÃ - µÄ·½Ê½¡£
½åÖøÊ¹ÓÃ¸ºÔØ¾ùºâµÄÑÝËã·½·¨, ½«ÈÎºÎ½øÀ´µÄÁ¬ÏßÒªÇó, ×ªÏòÖÁÌØ¶¨µÄËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏÈ¥¡£
Õâ¸öÐéÄâµÄËÅ·þÆ÷, »á¸ÄÐ´½øÀ´Óë³öÈ¥µÄ·â°ü, ËùÒÔÓÃ»§¶Ë¶ÔËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ´æÈ¡ÊÇÍ¸Í¨µÄ,
ËûÃÇ»áÒÔÎªÖ»ÓÐÒ»Ì¨ËÅ·þÆ÷¡£

Linux IP-NAT µÄÏà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
\nameurl{http://www.csn.tu-chemnitz.de/~mha/linux-ip-nat/diplom/}{Õâ¸öµØ·½}
ÕÒµ½¡£




\subsection{EQL (´®ÁÐÁ¬ÏßµÄ¸ºÔØ¾ùºâÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½) }

EQL ÒÑ±»ÕûºÏµ½ Linux µÄºËÐÄÖÐ¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ¶þÌõ´®ÁÐÁ¬Ïß½Óµ½ÆäËûµçÄÔ (
ÕâÍ¨³£ÐèÒª¶þ²¿Êý¾Ý»úºÍ¶þÃÅµç»°ÏßÂ· ) ,¶øÇÒÄãÔÚÏßÂ·ÉÏÃæÊ¹ÓÃ SLIP »ò PPP
( ¿ÉÒÔÔÚµç»°ÏßÂ·ÉÏ, ´«µÝ Internet Á÷Á¿µÄÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ ), ´ËÊ±Ê¹ÓÃ EQL 
Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½«¶þÌõ´®ÁÐÁ¬Ïß, ¿´³ÉÒ»Ìõ¶þ±¶ËÙµÄÁ¬Ïß¡£
µ±È», ÁíÍâÒ»¶ËÒ²±ØÐëÖ§Ô®Õâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜ²Å¿ÉÒÔ¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-to Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.abies.com/eql-howto.mhtml}{EQL How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷ (Proxy Server)}

proxy (´úÀí)  Õâ¸ö´Ê»ãµÄÒâÒå¾ÍÊÇ "´úÌæÄ³Ð©ÈË×öÄ³Ð©ÊÂ"¡£ÔÚÍøÂ·µÄÓÃÓïÖÐ,
´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷¾ÍÊÇÒ»²¿¿ÉÒÔ´úÌæÐí¶àÓÃ»§¶Ë×öÊÂÇéµÄµçÄÔ¡£ 
HTTP proxy ¾ÍÊÇÒ»²¿×¨ÃÅ½ÓÊÕ±ðÌ¨»úÆ÷ (»úÆ÷ A) Ëù·¢³öÍøÒ³ÒªÇóµÄ»úÆ÷¡£ 
´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷»áÈ¡µÃÕâ·ÝÍøÒ³, ²¢½«½á¹û´«»Ø»úÆ÷ A¡£ 
´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷¿ÉÒÔ½«Õâ·ÝÍøÒ³, ´æµ½¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒäÌå (cache) ÖÐ, 
Èç¹ûÆäËû»úÆ÷ËùÒªÇóµÄÍøÒ³, ÔÚ¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒäÌåÖÐÕýºÃÓÐÒ»·Ý¸´±¾, ÔòÖ»»á½«¸Ã¸´±¾´«»Ø¡£
ÕâÊ¹µÃÍøÂ·Æµ¿í×ÊÔ´ÄÜ¹»ÓÐÐ§ÔËÓÃ, ¶øÇÒ½µµÍÁËÍøÒ³»Ø¸²µÄÊ±¼ä¡£
¸±×÷ÓÃ¾ÍÊÇ, ÓÃ»§¶Ë»úÆ÷ÎÞ·¨Ö±½ÓÁ¬Ïßµ½ÍâÃæÊÀ½çµÄÍøÂ·, 
¶øÕâ¸ö¸±×÷ÓÃÈ´³ÉÎªÄÚ²¿ÍøÂ·±£ÃÜµÄ·½·¨¡£
Ò»¸öÉè¶¨ÍêÉÆµÄ´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷, ¾ÍÏñÊÇÒ»²¿¹¦ÄÜÓÅÁ¼µÄ·À»ðÇ½¡£

ÔÚ Linux ÉÏ´æÔÚÓÐÊýÖÖ´úÀíËÅ·þÆ÷¡£ Ò»¸öÆÕ±éµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¾ÍÊÇ
Apache µÄ proxy Ä£×é¡£ÁíÒ»¸ö¸üÍêÕûÓëÎÈ¶¨µÄ HTTP proxy 
¹¤¾ß³ÌÊ½¾ÍÊÇ SQUID ¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://www.apache.org}{Apache}
\item \nameurl{http://squid.nlanr.net}{Squid}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ËæÑ¡²¦½Ó (Diald on demand) ¹¦ÄÜ}

ËæÑ¡²¦½Ó (dial on demand) ¹¦ÄÜ, Ê¹µÃµç»°²¦½Ó¶¯×÷ÍêÈ«Í¨Í¸, 
Ê¹ÓÃÕßÖ»»á¿´µ½ÓÐÒ»Ìõ¹Ì¶¨µÄÍøÂ·ÏßÂ·, ±»Á¬½Óµ½Ô¶¶ËµÄÕ¾Ì¨¡£
Í¨³£, Ëû»áÓÐÒ»¸ö¼à¿Ø³ÌÊ½À´¼à¿´·â°üµÄÁ÷Á¿¡£µ± "¸ÐÐËÈ¤" µÄ·â°ü (
ËùÎ½µÄ "¸ÐÐËÈ¤" Í¨³£ÊÇÓÉÒ»Ì× ¹æÔò/ÓÅÏÈÈ¨/È¨ÏÞ À´¶¨Òå) Ò»µÖ´ï, 
Ëû¾Í»áÓëÔ¶¶Ë½¨Á¢ÍøÂ·Á¬Ïß¡£¶øµ±Í¨µÀ¡õÖÃÒ»¶ÎÊ±¼äáá, ¾Í»áÍ£µôÍøÂ·µÄÁ¬Ïß¡£

Ïà¹ØµÄ How-to Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Diald.html}{Diald How-to}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{½¨Á¢Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ËíµÀ, »ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔ IP Â·ÓÉÑ¡ÔñÐ­¶¨ (Mobile-IP) ÓëÐéÄâË½ÓÐÍøÂ·(Virtual Private Networks, ¼ò³Æ VPN)}

Linux ºËÐÄÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ½¨Á¢Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ËíµÀ (Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ½«Í¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨·â×°ÆðÀ´)¡£
Ëû¿ÉÒÔÔÚ IP ÍøÂ·Á¬ÏßÉÏ½¨Á¢ IPX ËíµÀ, ÕâÊ¹µÃ¶þ¸ö IPX ÍøÂ·¿ÉÒÔÍ¸¹ýÎ¨Ò»µÄ IP
ÍøÂ·Á¬Ïß»¥½Ó¡£ËûÒ²¿ÉÒÔ½¨Á¢ IP-IP ËíµÀ, »ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÊ¹ÓÃÔÚ
"»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔ IP Â·ÓÉÑ¡ÔñÐ­¶¨" µÄÖ§Ô®, ¶àÄ¿µÄ´«²¥µÄÖ§Ô®, ÒÔ¼°ÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍøÂ·¡£ 
(Çë²Î¿¼ÍøÒ³ 
\onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NET-3-HOWTO-6.html\#ss6.13})

"»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔ IP Â·ÓÉÑ¡ÔñÐ­¶¨" Ö÷ÒªÊÇÕë¶Ô Internet  
ÉÏ»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔµÄÂ·ÓÉÑ¡Ôñ×÷ÌØ±ðµÄÉè¼Æ, 
Ê¹µÃÎÒÃÇÔÚ´«ËÍ IP "×ÊÁÏÆ¬¶Î" (datagrams) µ½»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔÊ±, ÍêÈ«Í¨Í¸¶ø²»ÊÜÓ°Ïì¡£
Ã¿¸ö»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔµÄÊ¶±ð·½Ê½, ¶¼ÊÇÒÔËûµÄ "Ô­Ê¼Î»Ö·" (home address) À´×öÎª±ê¼Ç, 
¶øÓëËûÄ¿Ç°Á¬½Óµ½ Internet µÄÄÇ¸ö½ÚµãÎÞ¹Ø¡£
µ±»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔ²»ÔÚËûÔ­Ê¼µÄÎ»Ö·ÉÏÊ±, Ëû»á»Ø´«Ò»¸ö "ÖÐ½éÎ»Ö·" (care-of address),
¾­ÓÉ "ÖÐ½éÎ»Ö·" ±ã¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ¸Ã»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔ, Ä¿Ç°Á¬½Óµ½ Internet µÄÄÇ¸ö½Úµã¡£
»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔÍ¸¹ý´ËÐ­¶¨Ïò "Ô­Ê¼Î»Ö·´¦Àí»ú¹¹" (home agent) ×¢²á "ÖÐ½éÎ»Ö·"¡£
¶ø "×ÊÁÏÆ¬¶Î" »áÍ¸¹ý "Ô­Ê¼Î»Ö·´¦Àí»ú¹¹" µÄ IP-IP ËíµÀ, ´«ËÍÖÁ "ÖÐ½éÎ»Ö·" ÉÏÈ¥¡£
µ±×ÊÁÏµÖ´ïËíµÀµÄÄ©¶ËÊ±, Ã¿¸ö "×ÊÁÏÆ¬¶Î" »áÔÙ´«µÝÖÁ»ú¶¯Ê½µçÄÔÉÏÈ¥¡£

µã¶ÔµãËíµÀÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨ (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, ¼ò³Æ PPTP)
¾ÍÊÇÔÚ Internet ÉÏÊ¹ÓÃ±£ÃÜµÄÐéÄâË½ÓÐÍøÂ· (VPN) µÄÒ»ÖÖÍøÂ·¼¼Êõ¡£
Ä¿Ç° Windows NT ËÅ·þÆ÷, ÒÑ½« PPTP Óë "Ô¶¶Ë´æÈ¡·þÎñ" (RAS) ËÅ·þÆ÷ÕûºÏÔÚÒ»Æð¡£
Í¸¹ý PPTP, Ê¹ÓÃÕß¿ÉÀûÓÃµç»°²¦½ÓÖÁµ±µØµÄ ISP, »òÖ±½ÓÁ¬ÉÏ Internet,
À´È¡ÓÃ×Ô¼º¹«Ë¾µÄÍøÂ··þÎñ, Ê¹ÓÃÆðÀ´¸Ð¾õ¾ÍºÃÏñÊÇ, ×øÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ°ì¹«×ÀÇ°Ò»Ñù¡£
È»¶ø PPTP ÊÇÒ»¸ö·â±ÕµÄÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨, ¶øÇÒËûµÄ±£ÃÜÐÔ×î½üÒ²ÕýÔâÊÜµ½ÖÊÒÉ¡£
ËùÒÔÎÒ»¹ÊÇÇ¿ÁÒ½¨Òé¸÷Î», Ê¹ÓÃÆäËûÔÚ Linux Æ½Ì¨ÉÏµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸,
ÒòÎª Linux ÉÏµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸, Ê¹ÓÃµÄÊÇ¿ª·ÅµÄ±ê×¼, ²¢ÇÒ¶¼¾­¹ý×ÐÏ¸µÄ¼ì²éÓë²âÊÔ¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item ÔÚ Linux ÉÏµÄ PPTP ÓÃ»§¶Ë¹¤¾ß¿ÉÔÚ
\nameurl{http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/~cananian/Projects/PPTP/}{Õâ¸öµØ·½}
ÕÒµ½¡£
\end{itemize}

Mobile IP Ïà¹ØÎÄ¼þ: 
\begin{itemize}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://www-uk.hpl.hp.com/people/jt/mip.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://anchor.cs.binghamton.edu/\~{}mobileip/}
\end{itemize}

VPN Ïà¹ØÎÄ¼þ:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/VPN.html}
\item  \onlynameurl{http://sites.inka.de/sites/bigred/devel/cipe.html}
\end{itemize}







\section{Linux ¶ÔÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíµÄÖ§Ô®}




\subsection{ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíµÄÓ¦ÓÃ}

Ó¦ÓÃÔÚÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíÓëÔ¶¶Ë¹ÜÀíÕâ·½Ãæ¹¤¾ß·Ç³£¶à¡£
Ä¿Ç°ÓÐ¶þ¸öÎüÒýÈËµÄÔ¶¶Ë¹ÜÀí¼Æ»®, ËûÃÇÊÇ linuxconf Óë webmin:
\begin{itemize}
\item  \nameurl{http://www.webmin.com/webmin/}{Webmin}
\item  \nameurl{http://solucor.solucorp.qc.ca/linuxconf/}{Linuxconf}
\end{itemize}


»¹ÓÐÆäËû¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ßÏñÊÇ: ÍøÂ·Á÷Á¿·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß, ÍøÂ·°²È«¹¤¾ß, ¼àÊÓ¹¤¾ß, Éè¶¨¹¤¾ß, µÈµÈ¡£
Ò»¸ö´æ·ÅÓÐÐí¶àÕâÀà¹¤¾ßµÄµµ°¸¿â¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍøÕ¾
\nameurl{http://www.sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/}{Sunsite}
ÕÒµ½¡£


\subsection{¼òÒ×ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíÐ­¶¨ (SNMP)}

¼òÒ×ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíÐ­¶¨ (Simple Network Management Protocol, ¼ò³Æ SNMP)
ÊÇÒ»¸öÌá¹© Internet ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀí·þÎñµÄÍ¨Ñ¶Ð­¶¨¡£
ËûÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¼àÊÓÓëÉè¶¨Â·ÓÉÆ÷, ÇÅ½ÓÆ÷, ÍøÂ·¿¨, ½»»»Æ÷ (switch), ..µÈµÈÍøÂ·Éè±¸¡£
ÔÚ Linux ÉÏÓÐÎªÊýÖÚ¶àÒÔ, ³ÌÊ½¿â, ÓÃ»§¶Ë, ËÅ·þÆ÷¶Ë, SNMP Îª»ù´¡µÄ¼àÊÓ³ÌÊ½¿ÉÓÃ¡£
¹Øì¶ Linux ÉÏµÄ SNMP ÈíÌåÓÐ¸ö²»´íµÄÍøÒ³¿É²Î¿¼:
\onlynameurl{http://linas.org/linux/NMS.html}




\section{ÒÔ Linux ¼Ü¹¹ÆóÒµÍøÂ·}

ÔÚÄ³Ð©Çé¿öÏÂ (ÀýÈç, ÆóÒµÍøÂ·), ÎÒÃÇµÄÍøÂ·»ù´¡½¨ÉèÐèÒªÊÊµ±µÄ»úÖÆ, 
ÓÃÒÔÈ·±£ÍøÂ·µÄ¿ÉÓÃ¶Èµ½ 100\% µÄÊ±¼ä¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ¼¸¸öÐ¡½Ú½«»áËµÃ÷Ò»Ð©Ïà¹ØµÄ¼¼Êõ¡£
ËùËµÃ÷µÄÄÚÈÝ´ó²¿·Ö¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Linux µÄ×î¼Ñ web Õ¾Ì¨ Linas : 
\onlynameurl{http://linas.org/linux/index.html} 
ÒÔ¼°ÔÚ  \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/ALPHA/linux-ha/High-Availability-HOWTO.html}{Linux High-Availability how-to} ÉÏÕÒµ½.




\subsection{Ìá¸ß¿ÉÓÃ¶È}

Ê¹ÓÃÈßâÅ¼¼Êõ¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâµ¥Ò»µÄ¹ÊÕÏµã, Ì±»¾Õû¸ö IT (×ÊÑ¶¿Æ¼¼) ÏµÍ³¡£
µ±ËÅ·þÆ÷Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öÍøÂ·¿¨»òµ¥Ò»µÄ SCSI ´Åµú»úÓÐ¶þ´¦µ¥Ò»¹ÊÕÏµã¶¼»áÓÐÕâÑùµÄ¹ËÂÇ¡£
ÈßâÅ¼¼ÊõµÄÄ¿µÄ, ÔÚÑÚÊÎÏµÍ³²»Ô¤ÆÚµÄÖÐ¶Ï, ²¢ÈÃÊ¹ÓÃÕßÄÜÂíÉÏµØ¼ÌÐøÊ¹ÓÃ¡£
¶øÌá¸ß¿ÉÓÃ¶ÈµÄÈíÌå, ÔòÊÇÒ»Ì××Ô¶¯¼àÊÓ, ¼ì²â¹ÊÕÏµÄ, ÃüÁî¸å (script) ³ÌÊ½Óë¹¤¾ß,
Ëû»á²ÉÈ¡ÊÊµ±µÄ²½Öè, À´»Ø¸´ÏµÍ³µÄÕý³£ÔË×÷, ÒÔ¼°Í¨ÖªÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÕß¡£




\subsection{ÈßâÅÁ®¼Û´Åµú»úÕóÁÐ (RAID) }

ÈßâÅÁ®¼Û´Åµú»úÕóÁÐ (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, ¼ò³Æ RAID)
ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½«×ÊÑ¶Õ¹¿ª½»²æ´¢´æÔÚ¶à¸ö´Åµú»úÉÏµÄ·½·¨,
Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸ö·½·¨ËùÌá¹©µÄ disk striping (´Åµú»úÆ½ÐÐ´¢´æ) (RAID µÈ¼¶ 0) 
ÒÔ¼° disk mirroring  (´Åµú»úÓ³Éä´¢´æ) (RAID µÈ¼¶ 1) µÄ¼¼Êõ, ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½ÈßâÅµÄÄ¿µÄ, 
ÒÔ¼°Ê¹µÃ¶ÁÇÒ/»òÐ´´Åµú»úÊ±, ÓÐ½ÏµÍµÄµÈ´ýÊ±¼ä, ÇÒ/»ò½Ï¸ßµÄÆµ¿í,
ºÍÓ²µú»ú¹ÊÕÏÊ±µÄ¿É»Ö¸´ÐÔ¡£
Ä¿Ç°ÒÑ¾­ÓÐ³¬¹ýÁùÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÀàÐÍµÄ RAID ¼Ü¹¹±»¶¨Òå³öÀ´¡£
Linux µÄÊ¹ÓÃÕßÓÐÈýÖÖÀàÐÍµÄ RAID ½â¾ö·½°¸¿ÉÑ¡Ôñ:
ÈíÌå RAID, Íâ²¿µÄ DASD ×°ÖÃ, ÒÔ¼° RAID ´Åµú»ú¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item ÈíÌå RAID : ÔÚºËÐÄµÄ´Åµú»ú (block ×°ÖÃ) ³ÌÊ½ÂëÖÐ, 
´æÔÚÓÐÒÔ´¿ÈíÌåÊµ×÷³öÀ´µÄ, ¸÷µÈ¼¶µÄÈíÌå RAID¡£
\item Íâ²¿µÄ DASD ½â¾ö·½°¸ : Ö±½Ó´æÈ¡´¢´æ×°ÖÃ(Direct Access Storage Device, ¼ò³Æ DASD) 
ÊÇÒ»¸ö½ÓÔÚµçÄÔÍâ²¿µÄ×°ÖÃ, ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄµçÔ´¹©¸ø, ²¢ÇÒÌá¹©»ú¹ñ/»ú¼ÜÀ´·ÅÖÃÓ²µú,
È»¶øÔÚ Linux ÖÐÈ´Ö»ÊÇ°ÑËûµ±×÷ÁíÒ»¸ö SCSI ×°ÖÃ¡£
¾ÍÐí¶à·½Ãæ¶øÑÔ, Õâ¸ö·½·¨ËùÌá¹©µÄ RAID ½â¾ö·½°¸, ËãÊÇ×îÎÈ¹ÌµÄÁË¡£
\item RAID ´Åµú»ú¿ØÖÆÆ÷: ´Åµú»ú¿ØÖÆÆ÷¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö²åÈë ISA/EISA/PCI »ãÁ÷ÅÅµÄÅä½Ó¿¨.
¾ÍÏñÒ»°ãµÄ´Åµú»ú¿ØÖÆ¿¨Ò»Ñù, Ëû»áÓÐµçÀÂÁ¬½Óµ½´Åµú»ú×°ÖÃ¡£
È»¶øÓëÒ»°ãµÄ´Åµú»ú¿ØÖÆ¿¨²»Í¬µÄÊÇ, RAID ¿ØÖÆÆ÷»áÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÅä½Ó¿¨ÉÏÊµ×÷ RAID ¹¦ÄÜ,
Ìá¹©¸÷ÖÖ RAID µÈ¼¶, ²Ù×÷Ê±Ëù±ØÐëÖ´ÐÐµÄ¶¯×÷¡£
\end{itemize}


Ïà¹ØµÄ How-tos Çë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/DPT-Hardware-RAID.html}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Root-RAID-HOWTO.html}
\item \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Software-RAID.html}
\end{itemize}


RAID ÔÚ linas.org Õ¾Ì¨ÉÏµÄ×ÊÁÏÇë²Î¿¼:
\begin{itemize}
\item \onlynameurl{http://linas.org/linux/raid.html}
\end{itemize}





\subsection{ÈßâÅÍøÂ·Á¬½Ó}

IP Î»Ö·½Ó¹Ü (IP Address Takeover, ¼ò³Æ IPAT). µ±ÍøÂ·Åä½Ó¿¨¹ÊÕÏÊ±,
ËûµÄ IP Î»Ö·Ó¦¸ÃÓÉÏàÍ¬»òÁíÒ»¸ö½ÚµãÉÏ, Õý³£µÄÍøÂ·¿¨À´½Ó¹Ü¡£
MAC Î»Ö·½Ó¹Ü: µ±IP Î»Ö·½Ó¹ÜµÄÇé¿ö·¢ÉúÊ±, »¹±ØÐëÈ·¶¨ÍøÂ·ÉÏËùÓÐµÄ½Úµã, 
ÊÇ·ñ¸üÐÂÁËËûÃÇµÄ ARP ¿ìÈ¡ (ÆäÄÚÈÝÎª IP Óë MAC Î»Ö·µÄ¶ÔÓ¦)¡£

¸üÏêÏ¸µÄÄÚÈÝ, Çë²Î¿¼ High-Availability How-To ÎÄ¼þ:
\onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/ALPHA/linux-ha/High-Availability-HOWTO.html}




\section{×ÊÁÏµÄÀ´Ô´}

ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊÁÏ:
\begin{itemize}
\item  Linux ÍøÕ¾: \onlynameurl{http://www.linux.org}
\item  Linux ÎÄ¼þ¼Æ»®ÍøÕ¾: \onlynameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html}
(Çë²é¿´ Linux ÍøÂ·¹ÜÀíÕßÖ¸Òý)
\item  ÏÊÈâ (Freshmeat) ÍøÕ¾ : Ìá¹©×îÐÂ°æ±¾µÄ Linux ÈíÌå¡£ 
\onlynameurl{http://www.freshmeat.net}
\item  Linux ³¬Á´½áÍøÕ¾: \onlynameurl{http://www.linuxlinks.com/Networking/}
\end{itemize}





\section{ÖÂÐ»}

ÒòÖøÐí¶àÈËµÄÅ¬Á¦, ²Å½« Linux Ôì¾Í³ÉÒ»¸ö×î¼ÑµÄÍøÂ·×÷ÒµÏµÍ³, 
Ã»ÓÐËûÃÇ¾Í²»»á³öÏÖÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þ¡£ÎÒÒª½«ËùÓÐµÄ¹¦ÀÍ¶¼¹é¸øËûÃÇ¡£
ÎÒÔÚÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÉÏÏÂÁËºÜ¶à¹¤·ò, Ê¹µÃËûËä¼òµ¥¶ø²»Ê§ÕýÈ·ÐÔ, ËäÍêÕû¶ø²»»áÌ«Èß³¤¡£
¾¡¹ÜÈç´Ë, ×÷Õß²»±£Ö¤Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄÄÚÈÝ, ÔÚÈÎºÎ»·¾³ÏÂ½ÔÊÊÓÃ¡£ 
ÒýÓÃÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þËùÌá¹©µÄµÄ×ÊÁÏÊ±, ¸÷Î»Òª×Ô¼º³Ðµ£·çÏÕ¡£
ÓÐÈÎºÎ½¨Òé, ÒÔ¼°ÄÚÈÝµÄ¸üÕý»ò²¹³ä»¶Ó­À´ÐÅÖ¸½Ì, ÒÔ±ã±¾ÎÄÄÜÓÐËù¸Ä½ø¡£
ÆäËûµÄ»°Ìâ¿ÉÄÜ°üÀ¨ radius, web/ftp Ó³Éä¹¤¾ßÀýÈç wget, Á÷Á¿·ÖÎöÒÇ, CORBA...
ÒÔ¼°Ðí¶àÆäËû½¨ÒéÓëºÏÊÊµÄÏîÄ¿, ÔÚÎ´À´µÄ°æ±¾ÖÐÏ£Íû¶¼ÄÜ°üº¬½øÀ´¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ \onlynameurl{Õâ¸öµØ·½}ÁªÂçµ½ÎÒ¡£

×îááÎÒÏëÒª¸ÐÐ» \onlynameurl{FinnBj¡õn av Teilgum} ÔÚÕâ·Ý how-to ÎÄ¼þ "beta-²âÊÔ½×¶Î" Ê±µÄÏ¸ÐÄÐ£¶Ô¡£

Daniel L¡õez Ridruejo 9th May 1998

\end{document}
