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\title{NFS-Root Mini-Howto}
\author{×÷Õß: Andreas Kostyrka, {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{andreas@ag.or.at}}\\ 
ÒëÕß: Jing-Jong SHYUE, {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{shyue@sonoma.com.tw}}}
\date{V8, 8 August 1997}
\abstract{Õâ·Ý Mini HOWTO ½«ÊÔÖø½âÊÍÈçºÎÉè¶¨Ò»¸ö "ÎÞ´Åµú" µÄ Linux ¹¤×÷Õ¾.
ÇÒÕâ¸ö¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÊÇÒÔ NFS µÄ·½Ê½¹ÒÔØ.
Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄ×îÐÂ°æ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ{\ttfamily ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root}
»òÈÎÒ»¸ö¿¿½üÄãµÄ sunsite Ó³ÉäÕ¾Ì¨ÕÒµ½.}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{°æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷(´Ë¶Î²»Òë)}

(c) 1996 Andreas Kostyrka (e9207884@student.tuwien.ac.at or 
andreas@ag.or.at) 

Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their
respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributed 
in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as
this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution 
is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of 
any such distributions. 

All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating 
any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice. 
That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO
coordinator at the address given below.

In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through as
many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright on the
HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to redistribute
the HOWTOs. 

If you have questions, please contact Andreas Kostyrka
$<${\ttfamily mailto:andreas@ag.or.at}$>$, the author of this mini-HOWTO, or
Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO coordinator, at
$<${\ttfamily mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu}$>$ via email.




\subsection{Ïà¹ØÖ§Ô®}

\begin{itemize}
\item Avery Pennarun $<${\ttfamily apenwarr@foxnet.net}$>$ (ÈçºÎÆô¶¯ Linux ¶ø²»Ê¹ÓÃ {\bfseries LILO})
\item  
Ofer Maor {\ttfamily $<$ofer@hadar.co.il$>$} (Ìá¹©Ò»¸ö½ÏºÃµÄ "½¨Á¢ÎÞ´Åµú¹¤×÷Õ¾" HOWTO.)
\item Christian Leutloff {\ttfamily $<$leutloff@sundancer.tng.oche.de$>$} (Ìá¹©ÍøÂ·Æô¶¯µÄ×ÊÑ¶.)
\end{itemize}





\section{Ò»°ã¸ÅÂÛ}

Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ, ¶ÔÕâÑùµÄ¹¤×÷Õ¾»áÓÐÏÂÁÐµÄÎÊÌâ:
\begin{itemize}
\item ÏµÍ³±ØÐëÖªµÀËû×¨ÓÃµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ, ²¢ÇÒÊÓÐèÒª¶øÖØÉè Ethernet µÄ×éÌ¬.
\item ÏµÍ³±ØÐëÖªµÀ {\itshape NFS\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÎ»ÖÃ, Óë¸ùÄ¿Â¼µÄ¹ÒÔØÂ·¾¶.
\end{itemize}


Ä¿Ç°ºËÐÄ (1.3.7x) ¶Ôì¶ {\itshape NFSROOT\/} µÄÊµ×÷Ìá¹©ÁËÏÂÃæµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸:
\begin{itemize}
\item IP Î»ÖÃ¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃ {\itshape RARP\/}  È¡µÃ; ÍêÕûµÄ Ethernet ×éÌ¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔÓÃ {\bfseries LILO} »ò {\bfseries LOADLIN} µÄ²ÎÊý´«µÝ¸øºËÐÄ.
\item Òª±»¹ÒÔØµÄ {\itshape NFS\/} Â·¾¶¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃºËÐÄµÄ²ÎÊýÀ´´«µÝ.
Èç¹ûÃ»ÓÐÔÚ´ËÖ¸¶¨, ºËÐÄ»á¼ÙÉè {\itshape RAPR\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇ {\itshape NFS\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷, ²¢ÇÒÓÃºËÐÄ±àÒëÊ±µÄÔ¤ÉèÂ·¾¶.
(Ä¿Ç°µÄÔ¤ÉèÂ·¾¶ÊÇ {\ttfamily /tftpboot/$<${\itshape  »úÆ÷µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ\/}$>$}.
\item ¿Í»§¶ËµÄ×éÌ¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃ {\itshape BOOTP\/} È¡µÃ.
\end{itemize}


ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼Éè¶¨ÎÞ´Åµú»·¾³Ö®Ç°, Äã±ØÐë¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñÒªÊ¹ÓÃ {\bfseries LILO} »ò {\bfseries LOADLIN} À´Æô¶¯ÏµÍ³.
ÓÃÕâÖÖ·½Ê½µÄºÃ´¦ÊÇ½ÏÓÐµ¯ÐÔ, È±µãÔòÊÇËÙ¶È½ÏÂý.
²»Ê¹ÓÃ {\bfseries LILO} À´¿ª»úµÄËÙ¶È»á½Ï¿ì.
Äã±ØÐë×ÔÐÐ¾ö¶¨.




\section{ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÉè¶¨}


\subsection{±àÒëºËÐÄ}

°Ñ {\itshape RARP\/} Ö§Ô®±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÖÐÊÇ¸öºÃ·½·¨.
Èç¹ûÔÚÄã²»ÏëÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±´«µÝ¶îÍâµÄ²ÎÊý¸øºËÐÄ, Äã±ØÐë½«Ëû±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÖÐ.
µ«Èç¹û¿Í»§¶Ë²»ÔÚÍ¬Ò»¸ö×ÓÍøÂ·Çø¶ÎÖÐ, Õâ¸ö·½Ê½±ãÃ»ÓÐ×÷ÓÃ.

¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄºËÐÄÔò±ØÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÏÂÁÐµÄÖ§Ô®:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\itshape NFS\/} µµ°¸ÏµÍ³Ö§Ô®. (²»ÐèÒª°Ñ {\itshape ext2\/} µµ°¸ÏµÍ³µÄÖ§Ô®±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÖÐ, ÒÔÄ£×é·½Ê½±àÒë¾Í¹»ÁË.)
\item Æô¶¯ "Root on NFS" µÄ¹¦ÄÜ.
\item ÍøÂ·¿¨µÄ Ethernet Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½±ØÐë±»±àÒëÔÚºËÐÄÖÐ.
\item ÒÀ¾ÝÄãµÄÐèÇó¶ø½« NFS ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³ÏÂÃæµÄ {\itshape RARP\/} »ò {\itshape BOOTP\/} ±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÖÐ.
(Ò²¾ÍÊÇµ± make config Ö´ÐÐÊ±, ÔÚ NFS Ñ¡ÏîÖ®ááµÄÉè¶¨.)
\end{itemize}


Èç¹ûÔÚÄã²»ÏëÔÚ¹¤×÷Õ¾¿ª»úÊ±´«µÝ²ÎÊý¸øºËÐÄ, Äã±ØÐë°Ñ¸ùÄ¿Â¼Éè±¸Éè¶¨³É 0:255.
×ö·¨ÊÇÓÃ {\ttfamily mknod /dev/nfsroot b 0 255} ½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö×°ÖÃ¿ØÖÆµµ.
ÓÐÁËÕâ¸öµµ°¸áá, Äã±ã¿ÉÒÔ°ÑºËÐÄÄÚµÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼Â·¾¶ÒÔ {\ttfamily rdev $<${\itshape kernel-image\/}$>$ /dev/nfsroot} Ö¸¶¨.


\subsection{½¨Á¢¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³}


\subsubsection{¸´ÖÆµµ°¸ÏµÍ³}

{\itshape ¾¯¸æ: ÕâÐ©Ö¸Áî¿ÉÄÜ¿ÉÒÔÕý³£×÷ÓÃ, µ«²¢²»±íÊ¾¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆäËû»·¾³ÏÂ×÷ÓÃ.
¶Ôì¶½¨Á¢¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³µÄ½Ï¼Ñ·½Ê½Çë²Î¿¼ Ofer Maor {\ttfamily $<$ofer@hadar.co.il$>$} ËùÐ´µÄ NFS-Root-Client mini howto.\/} 

¾ö¶¨ÁË¸ùÄ¿Â¼µÄ·ÅÖÃÂ·¾¶áá, ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÖ¸Áî½¨Á¢
{\ttfamily mkdir -p $<${\itshape Â·¾¶\/}$>$}, ½ÓÖøÖ´ÐÐ \\ 
{\ttfamily tar cClf / - $|$ tar xpCf $<${\itshape Â·¾¶\/}$>$ -}.

Èç¹ûÄã²»ÓÃ LILO Æô¶¯ºËÐÄ, ¸ùÄ¿Â¼Â·¾¶±ØÐëÖÃì¶
{\ttfamily /tftpboot/$<${\itshape IP Î»ÖÃ\/}$>$}. 
Èç¹ûÄã²»Ï²»¶Õâ¸öÎ»ÖÃ, Äã¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸ÄºËÐÄÔ­Ê¼ÂëÖÐ×î¶¥²ãµÄ Makefile, ÕÒµ½ÀàËÆÏÂÃæÕâÐÐ²¢¼ÓÒÔÐÞ¸Ä\\ 
{\ttfamily NFS\_ROOT = -DNFS\_ROOT="$\backslash$"/tftpboot/\%s$\backslash$""}\\ 
Èç¹ûÄã¸ÄÁËÕâ¸ö, Äã±ØÐëÖØÐÂ±àÒëºËÐÄ.




\subsubsection{¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³ËùÐèµÄ¸Ä±ä}

Ê×ÏÈÇå³ý²»ÐèÒªµÄµµ°¸, ²¢ÇÒ¼ì²é /etc/rc.d µÄÖ¸Áî¸å.
ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»Ð©ÖØµã:
\begin{itemize}
\item Ê×ÏÈÊÇ eth0 µÄÉè¶¨.
¹¤×÷Õ¾Æô¶¯Ê±×îÉÙÒªÆô¶¯ eth0, ÈÃ¹¤×÷Õ¾Ê¹ÓÃËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ¿É²»ÊÇÒ»¸öºÃÖ÷Òâ.
(×÷ÕßÔçÆÚ±ã·¸¹ýÕâ¸ö´íÎó)
\item ÁíÒ»¸öÖØµãÊÇ /etc/fstab µÄÉè¶¨.
ËûÓ¦¸ÃÉè³É nfs µµ°¸ÏµÍ³.
\item  {\bfseries ¾¯¸æ}: ²»Òª°ÑËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³Óë¿Í»§¶Ë¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³Åª»ìÁË.
(ÎÒÔø¾­¸ÄÁËËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏµÄ rc.inet1, ²¢»³ÒÉÎªºÎ¹¤×÷Õ¾ÈÔÈ»²»ÄÜÔË×÷)
\end{itemize}





\subsubsection{½«µµ°¸ÏµÍ³·ÖÏí³öÈ¥}

Òª½«¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³·ÖÏí¸ø¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄÖ¸ÁîÇë²ÎÕÕ {\ttfamily exports(5)}.
ÔÚ¸Ä±äÉè¶¨µµáá, Äã±ØÐëÖØÐÂÆð¶¯ nfsd Óë mountd.
ÔÚ RedHat ÏÂ, ÄãÖ»ÒªÖ´ÐÐ
{\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop ; /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start}
¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË.




\subsubsection{Éè¶¨ RARP}

ÔÚÍøÂ·ÉÏ±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¸ö {\itshape RARP\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷.
Èç¹ûÆô¶¯Ê±Í¬Ê±Ã»ÓÐÉè¶¨ nfsroot ²ÎÊý, Ôò {\itshape RARP\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷±ØÐëÉèÔÚ {\itshape NFS\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ.
Í¨³£¶¼½« {\itshape RARP\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷ÉèÔÚ {\itshape NFS\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ.
ÒªÍê³ÉÕâ¸öÉè¶¨, ÄãµÄºËÐÄ±ØÐëÒªÓÐ {\itshape RARP\/} Ö§Ô®.

²¢ÇÒ±ØÐëÖ´ÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÖ¸Áî (Í¨³£·ÅÔÚ {\ttfamily /etc/rc.d} ÀïÃæ):

{\ttfamily /sbin/rarp -s $<${\itshape ip Î»ÖÃ\/}$>$ $<${\itshape Ó²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ\/}$>$}

 ÆäÖÐ
\begin{description}
\item[ip Î»ÖÃ] \mbox{}

ÊÇ¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ, ¶ø

\item[Ó²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ] \mbox{}

ÔòÊÇ¹¤×÷Õ¾ÍøÂ·¿¨µÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·Î»ÖÃ.

\end{description}


ÀýÈç: {\ttfamily /sbin/rarp -s 131.131.90.200 00:00:c0:47:10:12}

ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ·ûºÅÃû³ÆÀ´È¡´ú IP Î»ÖÃ, µ«ËÅ·þÆ÷±ØÐëÄÜÕÒµ½¸ÃÃû³ÆËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ.
(Éè¶¨ÔÚ /etc/hosts ÖÐ, »òÊÇ¾­ÓÉ {\itshape DNS\/} ²éÑ¯)




\subsubsection{Êý¶¨ BOOTP}

ÒªÉè¶¨ {\itshape BOOTP\/}, Äã±ØÐë±à¼­ {\ttfamily /etc/bootptab}.
Çë²ÎÔÄ {\itshape bootpd(8)\/} ÒÔ¼° {\itshape bootptab(5)\/} ËµÃ÷Ò³.




\subsubsection{ÕÒÑ°Ó²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ}

Èç¹ûÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÍøÂ·¿¨µÄÓ²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ, ÎÒ¸ÃÈçºÎ²éÑ¯?
\begin{itemize}
\item ÀûÓÃÄãËùÖÆ×÷µÄºËÐÄ´ÅÆ¬¿ª»ú, ²¢ÇÒÕÒÑ°ÍøÂ·¿¨±»È·ÈÏµÄ²¿·Ö.
Í¨³£¶¼»áÓÐ 6 ×é 16 ½øÎ»µÄÎ»Ôª×é, ÕâÓ¦¸Ã¾ÍÊÇÍøÂ·¿¨µÄÓ²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ.
\item ÓÃÆäËûÖ§Ô® TCP/IP µÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³Æô¶¯¹¤×÷Õ¾.
È»áá´ÓËÅ·þÆ÷ ping Õâ¸ö¹¤×÷Õ¾, ½ÓÖøÀûÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÖ¸Áî²éÑ¯ËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏµÄ ARP ¿ìÈ¡.\\ 
{\ttfamily /sbin/arp -a}
\end{itemize}





\section{Æô¶¯¹¤×÷Õ¾}




\subsection{Ê¹ÓÃ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌå}

ÓÉì¶ÎÒÃ»ÓÐÓÃ¹ýÕâ¸ö¶ñÁÓµÄ·½·¨, ÎÒÖ»ÄÜÌá¹©ÄãÏÂÃæµÄ·½Ïò
(Christian Leutloff {\ttfamily $<$leutloff@sundancer.tng.oche.de$>$} Ìá¹©): 
\begin{itemize}
\item Äã²»ÄÜÊ¹ÓÃ "Ò»°ãµÄ" ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌå.
\item Gero Kuhlmann Ìá¹©Ò»¸ö {\ttfamily netboot} Ì×¼þ, ÖÆ×÷¸ø Linux ÓÃµÄ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌåÓëÏà¹Ø×ÊÑ¶.
Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄãµ±µØµÄ Linux Ó³ÉäÕ¾Ì¨ÕÒµ½ {\ttfamily netboot} Ì×¼þ; »òÊÇ´Ó Debian Ì×¼þÖÐÈ¡µÃ ({\ttfamily netboot-0.4}).
\item ×ÐÏ¸ÔÄ¶ÁÄãµÄ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌåËù¸½µÄÊÖ²á.
\item Äã¿ÉÄÜ±ØÐëÆô¶¯ËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏµÄ tftpd, µ«ÕâÒÀ¾ÝÄãµÄ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌåÔØÈëºËÐÄµÄ·½Ê½¶ø¶¨.
\item  {\itshape ÕÒÑ°ÄãËùÊ¹ÓÃµÄ¿ª»úÎ¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌå¹«Ë¾Ìá¹©µÄ Linux ÐÞ²¹, µ«´ó¶àÊýµÄÈËÃ»ÓÐ¿É³ÌÊ½»¯Î¨¶Á¼ÇÒäÌåÉÕÂ¼»ú:(\\ 
(ÌØ±ðÊÇÎÒ×¡µÄÅ·ÖÞ)»¶Ó­ÕÒÎÒ, ÎÒÕâ±ßÓÐÉÕÂ¼Æ÷.\/} 
\end{itemize}



\subsection{Ê¹ÓÃÔ­Ê¼µÄºËÐÄ´ÅÆ¬}

Èç¹ûÄãµÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÒÑ¾­ÓÃÔ¤ÉèµÄÃû³ÆÕýÈ·µÄ·ÖÏí³öÈ¥, ¶øÇÒÄãµÄ {\itshape NFS\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇ {\itshape RARP\/} ËÅ·þÆ÷
(ÕâÐ©»úÆ÷Ò²¶¼ÔÚÍ¬Ò»¸ö×ÓÍøÂ·Çø¶ÎÖÐ), Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó°ÑºËÐÄ¸´ÖÆµ½´ÅÆ¬ÉÏ, ²¢ÒÔÄÇÆ¬´ÅÆ¬¿ª»ú.
(Äã±ØÐëÔÚºËÐÄÖÐ°Ñ¸ùÄ¿Â¼Éè±¸Éè³É 0:255)
Õâ¸ö·½·¨¼ÙÉèÄãµÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³´æ·Åì¶ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ {\ttfamily /tftpboot/}{\itshape IP Î»ÖÃ\/} Â·¾¶Ö®ÏÂ.
(Õâ¸öÂ·¾¶¿ÉÒÔ¾­ÓÉÐÞ¸Ä±àÒëºËÐÄÊ±µÄÉè¶¨¶ø¸Ä±ä.)


\subsection{Ê¹ÓÃ bootloader Óë {\itshape RARP\/}}

ÔÚ¿ª»úÊ±¸øºËÐÄËùÓÐ±ØÒªµÄ²ÎÊý, ²¢ÇÒÔö¼Ó
{\ttfamily nfsroot=$<${\itshape ËÅ·þÆ÷ IP Î»ÖÃ\/}$>$:$<${\itshape ¹ÒÔØÂ·¾¶\/}$>$} Õâ×é²ÎÊý.
ÆäÖÐ {\itshape ËÅ·þÆ÷ IP Î»ÖÃ\/} ÊÇ NFS ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ, ¶ø
{\itshape ¹ÒÔØÂ·¾¶\/} ÊÇ¸ùÄ¿Â¼µµ°¸ÏµÍ³´æ·ÅµÄÂ·¾¶.

¼¼ÇÉ:
\begin{itemize}
\item µ±Ê¹ÓÃ {\bfseries LILO} Ê±, ¿¼ÂÇÊ¹ÓÃ "{\ttfamily Ëø¶¨}" ¹¦ÄÜ:
Ö»ÒªÔÚµÚÒ»´ÎÊäÈëÍêÕûµÄ²ÎÊý, ²¢¼ÓÉÏ "{\ttfamily lock}" Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý, ÏÂÒ»´Î¿ª»úÊ±ÈÃ LILO ÓâÊ±.
\item ÒªÖÆ×÷¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ×¨ÓÃ¿ª»ú´ÅÆ¬Ê±, Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ {\ttfamily lilo.cong} ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ {\ttfamily append=} ¹¦ÄÜ.
\end{itemize}



\subsection{Ê¹ÓÃ bootloader µ«²»Ê¹ÓÃ {\itshape RARP\/}}

ÁíÒ»ÖÖÊ¹ÓÃ {\ttfamily nfsroot} µÄ·½·¨ÊÇ¸øºËÐÄÏÂÃæµÄ²ÎÊý:
{\ttfamily nfsaddrs=$<${\itshape wst-IP\/}$>$:$<${\itshape srv-IP\/}$>$:$<${\itshape gw-IP\/}$>$:$<${\itshape netmask\/}$>$:$<${\itshape hostname\/}$>$}
ºËÐÄ½«»áÒÀ¾ÝËù¸øµÄ²ÎÊýÀ´Éè¶¨ {\ttfamily eth0}.
\begin{description}
\item[wst-IP] \mbox{}

¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ

\item[srv-IP] \mbox{}

NFS ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ

\item[gw-IP] \mbox{}

Õ¢µÀÆ÷µÄ IP Î»ÖÃ

\item[netmask] \mbox{}

×ÓÍøÂ·ÕÚÕÖ

\item[hostname] \mbox{}

¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄÃû³Æ

\end{description}



\section{ÒÑÖªµÄÎÊÌâ}




\subsection{/sbin/init ÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯.}

Ò»¸ö³£¼ûµÄÎÊÌâÊÇ /sbin/init ÔÚÄ³Ð©Ì×¼þÖÐÊÇ¶¯Ì¬Á¬½áµÄ,
ËùÒÔÄã±ØÐëÌá¹©Ò»¸öÕýÈ·µÄ /lib ¸ø¿Í»§¶Ë¹¤×÷Õ¾.
Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨ÊÇ°Ñ /sbin/init »»³É¾²Ì¬Á¬½áµÄ "Hello World" ³ÌÊ½, Èç´Ë±ã¿ÉÒÔÈ·ÈÏÎÊÌâÊÇ·ñÀ´×Ô¶¯Ì¬Á¬½á.


\subsection{/dev µÄÎÊÌâ.}

Èç¹ûÄã¿ª»úÊ±ÊÕµ½Ò»¶Ñ¹Øì¶ tty µÄ´íÎóÑ¶Ï¢, Äã±ØÐëÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ë¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ /dev Â·¾¶ÏÂÖ´ÐÐ "MAKEDEV" ³ÌÊ½.
ÓÐÐ©Ò¥ÑÔËµÕâ¸ö·½·¨²»ÄÜÓÃÔÚ 64 Î»ÔªµÄËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ. Èç¹ûÄãÓöµ½ÁË, Çë¸æËßÎÒÄãµÄËÅ·þÆ÷×÷ÒµÏµÍ³°æ±¾.
Ò»¸ö¿ÉÄÜµÄ½â¾ö·½Ê½ÊÇÔÚÏµÍ³Æô¶¯³õÆÚ½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÐ¡ÐÍµÄ /dev ¼ÇÒäÌå´Åµú, ²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÉè¶¨×°ÖÃµÄ½ÚµãÎ»ÖÃ.




\section{ÆäËûÖ÷Ìâ}

\begin{itemize}
\item ÔÚ {\ttfamily ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/system/Network/admin/bootpc.v045.tgz} ÓÐ BOOTP µÄ¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½.
Õâ¸ö³ÌÊ½°üº¬ÁËÔÚ Linux 2.0 ÖÐµÄ initrd ³ÌÊ½,
Ëû¿ÉÒÔºÜºÃµÄÓ¦ÓÃÔÚÎÞ´Åµú¹¤×÷Õ¾ÉÏ.
¶Ôì¶¸üÌØ¶¨µÄÉè¶¨, initrd ÊÇ¸öºÜºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ.



\item ÔÚ Linux 2.0 ÖÐ°üº¬ÁË BOOTP µÄÑ¡Ïî¶ø²»ÊÇ RARP, ËùÒÔ¿ÉÄÜ²»ÐèÒªÁíÍâµÄ bootpd.
\item ÔÚºËÐÄÔ­Ê¼µµµÄËµÃ÷ÎÄ¼þÖÐ, ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹Øì¶ NFS ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ÏµÍ³µÄÎÄ¼þ.
\item Ôø¾­ÓÐÈË¼Ä¸øÎÒÒ»¸öÐÞ²¹³ÌÊ½, ÈÃÄã¿ÉÒÔ¾­ÓÉ NFS À´Éè¶¨ÖÃ»»Çø, ¿ÉÊÇÎÒÅª¶ªÁË :(
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